不同泌乳时期荷斯坦奶牛的行为观察

选用健康无病的奶牛12头（其中泌乳盛期4头，泌乳后期4头，干奶期4头）。按泌乳期分为3组。对各组奶牛逐头进行连续48h行为学观察。结果表明：牛夜间反刍时间（周期数）都比昼反刍时间（周期数）长（多）。泌乳盛期奶牛的总采食时间、反刍时间、采食咀嚼速度比泌乳后期和干奶期奶牛长（快）（P〉0．05）。饲后反刍开始时间泌乳后期最短，而干奶期最长。泌乳盛期奶牛饮水次数远比泌乳后期、干奶期多（P〈0．01），排粪次数也多（P〈0．05），排尿次数盛期牛与后期牛接近，但比干奶期牛多2次／d。干奶期牛的卧地时间最长，泌乳盛期牛次之，泌乳后期牛最短，但卧地次数泌乳盛期比后期、干奶期分别多4．13次和3、63次。这些行为的差异可为处于不同泌乳时期的荷斯坦奶牛提供适宜的饲养环境，制定科学的管理制度提供可靠的依据。

Observation on Behavior of Dairy Cows in Different Lactation Phase

Behavior is the exterior represent of inner physiological movement, which is very important to stockbreeding management. 12 health cows were divided into three groups according to lactation phase, and the Behavior of every dairy cow were observed during a 48 h continuous period. Results showed that the total time of rumination at night in each group were longer than in daytime. The total time of rumination or feeding of early lactation cows were longer than any other group, and the rate of feed intake were faster. Time begin to ruminate after feed, group Ⅱ was the shortest, and group m was the longest. The times of drinking, cows in group Ⅰ were far more than other groups（P〈0.01）, and the times of feces output in group Ⅰ is more than other groups too（P〈0.05）, but the micturate times are about the same in those groups. Total time of recumbency, group Ⅲ was the longest, and group Ⅱ was the shortest.