日本落叶松种子园结实母株种实性状对氮磷钾配比施肥的响应

为提高日本落叶松种子园肥料利用率，有效改善种实性状，提高种子产量和品质；在甘肃省沙坝落叶松/云杉国家良种基地，以30年左右正常开花结实的日本落叶松嫁接无性系分株为研究对象，采用随机试验设计，设置了N₁P₁K₁、N₁P₂K₁、N₁P₁K₂施肥配比水平，以不施肥（N₀P₀K₀）作为对照，研究N、P、K不同配比水平施肥对种实性状的影响。数据采用SPSS 16.0进行方差分析和多重比较，结果表明：N、P、K不同配比水平施肥对日本落叶松结实母株种实性状的影响具有显著差异（P<0.05），不同配比施肥均能促进球果和种子性状的有效改善，N₁P₂K₁、N₁P₁K₁、N₁P₁K₂配比水平施肥千粒质量分别比对照提高了38.1%、32.1%和30.0%；尤其以N₁P₂K₁的效果最为显著，球果鲜质量和单个球果平均生产种子质量是对照（N₀P₀K₀）的2.08倍和2.26倍，也是N₁P₁K₂施肥配比水平的1.53倍，高出N₁P₁K₁施肥配比水平的9.4%和30.0%。30年左右日本落叶松种子园能有效改善种实性状，提高种子产量和品质的N、P、K施肥配比水平为N₁P₂K₁。

Response of Seed Characteristics of Seed-bearing Mother Plant of Larix kaempferi Seed Orchard to Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Proportional Fertilization

In order to improve fertilizer utilization rate, effectively improve seed traits, and improve the optimal ratio of N, P and K for seed yield and quality of Larix kaempferi seed orchard. Taking the ramets of L. kaempferi grafted clones with normal flowering and fruiting for about 30 years as the research object in Shaba L. kaempferi/Picea national seed base in Gansu Province, the random experimental design was adopted, and fertilization ratio levels of N1P1K1, N1P2K1, N1P1K2 were set up, and no fertilization was used as the control N0P0K0. The effects of fertilization at different ratio levels of N, P, K on seed traits were studied, SPSS 16.0 was used for variance analysis and multiple comparisons. The results showed that there were significant differences in the effects of fertilization with different ratios of N, P and K on seed traits of L. kaempferi seed-bearing mother plants (P < 0.05). Fertilization with different ratios could promote the effective improvement of cone and seed traits. The 1000-grain weight of fertilization with different ratios of N1P2K1, N1P1K1 and N1P1K2 increased by 38.1%, 32.1% and 30.0% respectively compared with the control. N1P2K1 has the most significant effect. The fresh weight of cones and the average seed weight of single cone are 2.08 and 2.26 times of the control (N0P0K0), and 1.53 times of the fertilizer ratio level of N1P1K2, 9.4% and 30.0% higher than the fertilizer ratio level of N1P1K1. Fertilizing in L. kaempferi seed orchard for about 30 years can effectively improve seed quality and yield, and the N, P and K fertilization ratio level is N1P2K1.