小麦矮秆基因导入八倍体小黑麦研究初报

采用NCⅡ设计,用6个不同株高类型(高、中、矮各2个)八倍体小黑麦作母本,用含Rhtl,Rht2,Rht3,Rht10,和RhtlRht2Rhty的5个小麦矮源作父本配制30个杂交组合,通过F_1的显性度(D值)、降秆强度(R值)及F_2株高分布频率,分析了Rht基因在不同株高类型八倍体小黑麦中的反应。主要结果为:1)不同矮秆基因对高、中、矮秆小黑麦降秆趋势一致,即对高秆小黑麦降秆效果最强,中秆次之,矮秆最弱,而不同矮秆基因降秆作用大小顺序为:Rht10>Rht3>Rht1Rht2Rhty>Rht1Rht2.2) 各矮秆基因在F_2染色体数分布不平衡的遗传背景下表达基本正常,Rht10、Rht3显示以矮秆为主的高低峰分布,农林10号、OlesenDwarf显示正态分布,3)连续回交能提高矮秆小黑麦株的选择效率。

A Preliminary Study on Introducting wheat Dwarfing Genes Into Octoploid Triticale

Thirty crosses were made in a NC Ⅱ design with six octoploid triticale varieties(2n=56) asfemale parents and five dwarf wheat varieties (2n=42) as male parents.Plant heights of F1 and F2 plantswere measured.Parameter D(degree of dominance)and R(reducing ability of plant height) were calculatedfrom F1 data.Frequency distibutions of plant height in various F2 populations were studied with referenceof dwarfing genes involved.The results are summaried as follows: 1. The D and R values of the various dwarfing genes under the genetic background of AABBDDRcould be arranged in a decreasing order as:Rht 10>Rht3>Rht1 Rht1 Rht2 Rhty>Rht1 Rht2. 2. The actual plant height reduced by the preasance of any dwarfing gene was nagattively related tothe original plant height of the octoploid triticale variety used in crosses. 3. The dwarfing genes have normal effect on reducing plant height of triticale in F2populations.Rht10 and Rht3 gene show double-peak distrbution while Rht1 Rht2 and Rht1Rht2Rhtyshow normal distribution in F2. 4. It's more effective to select dwarf triticale in BCl than in F2.And the dwarfing gene in commonwheat could be introducted into octoploid triticale by direct triticale-wheat cross and backcross totriticale.