保护性耕作下秋播期地下害虫的群落分布特点初步研究

2008年秋播期，在连续5年秸秆全量还田的免耕、旋耕、耙耕、深松和常规耕作试验地中，调查和研究了地下害虫总密度、优势害虫种类等群落分布特点。调查共记录主要地下害虫种类5种，无论秸秆还田与否，金针虫和蛴螬均为各耕作方式下的优势地下害虫（相对密度〉10％）。但秸秆全量还田以蛴螬为主，无秸秆还田以金针虫为主，其它地下害虫的相对密度超过10％的只有深松秸秆还田。秸秆全量还田后，免耕、耙耕和深松等耕作措施导致田间地下害虫群落的物种丰富度及均匀度均较高。总体来看，耕作方式对秋播期地下害虫群落组成有一定影响。

Primary Study on Species and Distribution of Underground Pests under Conservation Tillage in Autumn-Sown Period

In the autumn-sown period of 2008 year,the effect of conservation tillage on the total density and domain species of underground pests were investigated in the fields treated by 5 tillage methods with the total crop straw returned for 5 years continuously.The 5 tillage methods were zerotillage,rotary-tillage,harrow-tillage,subsoil-tillage and conventional tillage.A total of five underground pest species were recorded in this investigation and wireworms and white grubs were the domain species,whose relative density was over 10%.But the white grubs were mainly in the total straw returned fields while the wireworms in no straw returned fields.Only in the straw returned field with subsoil-tillage,the relative density of the other underground pests could be more than 10%.Under the condition of total crop straw returned,zero-tillage,harrow-tillage and subsoil-tillage could increase the species richness and evenness of underground pest communities.In conclusion,tillage methods could influence the distribution of underground pest communities in autumn-sown period.