不同马铃薯种质资源的遗传多样性分析

目的]分析我国南方冬种马铃薯种质资源的遗传多样性,为选育南方冬种马铃薯新品种及生产利用提供参考.方法]对24份马铃薯种质资源的13个质量性状和12个数量性状进行调查及测定,并进行遗传多样性分析和聚类分析.结果]24份马铃薯种质资源质量性状的遗传多样性指数均较高,为0.7415~2.3303,其中以薯形最高,以株型、叶缘形状和顶小叶形状较低.24份马铃薯种质资源的数量性状变异系数为0.70%~188.16%,其中以单株块茎重最高,其次为单株蔓重,说明其变异程度较大,易出现性状分离;以比重最低,表明马铃薯出苗率的性状在种质间较稳定.相关性分析结果表明,24份马铃薯种质资源的生育期与单株蔓重、平均产量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同),与小叶对数呈极显著负相关;株高与单株块茎重、单株蔓重呈极显著正相关,与单株主茎数呈显著负相关(P<0.05,下同);单株蔓重与单株块茎重、平均产量呈显著正相关;单株块茎数与小叶对数呈显著正相关,与商品薯率呈极显著负相关;出苗率与平均产量呈显著正相关,与小叶对数呈极显著负相关;比重与块茎干物质量呈极显著正相关,与平均产量呈显著负相关.聚类分析结果表明,24份马铃薯种质资源可分为高产高株型、中产中株型、低产中株型和低产低株型四大类,以中产中株型为最多,以高产高株型最少.结论]24份马铃薯种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性,其中有2份属于高产高株型(闽08085008和闽09330143),可作为选育南方冬种高产马铃薯新品种的亲本材料.

Genetic diversity analysis for different Solanum tuberosum L. germplasm resources

Objective]The genetic diversity of Solanum tuberosum L. germplasm resources from winter planting area in southern China was analyzed in order to provide reference for new variety breeding,planting and utilization of winter S. tuberosum in southern China.Method]Thirteen quality traits and twelve quantitative traits of twenty-four S. tuberosum germplasm resources were investigated and determined,and genetic diversity analysis and cluster analysis were conducted.Result]The results showed that genetic diversity indexes of each quality trait were high,ranging from 0.7415 to 2.3303, among which those of potato shape was the highest while those of stock type,leaf edge shape and top lobular shape were the lowest. The variation coefficients of quantitative traits of 24 germplasm resources were 0.70%-188.16%,among which the tuber weight per plant was the largest,followed by stem weight per plant,indicating that its variation degree was large and trait segregation was easy to occur. The specific gravity was the lowest,which showed that S. tuberosum seed-ling emergence rate was stable among the germplasms. The correlation analysis showed that the growth period of 24 S. tuberosum germplasm resources was extremely significantly positively correlated with stem weight per plant and average yield(P<0.01,the same below),while it was extremely significantly negatively correlated with leaflet pair. There was extremely significant positive correlation between plant height and tuber weight per plant,stem weight per plant,while plant height was significantly negatively correlated with main stem number per plant(P<0.05,the same below). The stem weight per plant was significantly positively correlated with tuber weight per plant and average yield. Tuber number per plant was significantly positively correlated with leaflet pair,but extremely significantly negatively correlated with com-mercial potato rate. The emergence rate was significantly positively correlated with average yield,but significantly nega-tively correlated with leaflet pair. The specific gravity was extremely significantly positively correlated with tuber dry matter weight,and extremely significantly negatively correlated with average yield. The results of cluster analysis showed that 24 S. tuberosum germplasm resources could be divided into four types:high yield and high stock,medium yield and medium stock,low yield and medium stock,and low yield and low stock,among which medium yield and medium stock accounted the largest specific gravity and high yield and high stock the least.Conclusion]The 24 S. tuberosum germ-plasm resources are rich in genetic diversity,and 2 of them belong to high yield and high stock type(Min 08085008 and Min 09330143),which can be used as parent materials for breeding new high-yield winter planting varieties of S. tuberosum in southern China.