避雨栽培对台农一号芒果园温湿度及果实品质的影响

[目的]分析避雨栽培对台农一号芒果园温度、湿度及果实品质的影响,为我国南方多雨地区开展芒果避雨栽培提供理论依据.[方法]搭建简易大棚,对3年生台农一号芒从开花前期至采果结束进行全程避雨栽培,以露地栽培为对照(CK),观测棚内外温度和湿度的日变化情况,测定分析芒果采后相关生理指标及病害发生情况.[结果]避雨栽培模式下,芒果冠层日均温度比露地提高0.7℃,日均相对湿度较露地降低6.0%.避雨栽培模式下果实外表光洁,平均单果重比露地栽培提高14.00 g,采后病害发生率较露地降低33.5%(绝对值,下同).果实品质分析结果显示,避雨栽培模式下芒果的可滴定酸含量较露地降低0.012 mg/100 gFW,维生素C(Vc)含量提高0.01 mg/100 gFW,可溶性固形物含量升高1.20%.[结论]避雨栽培可有效提高大棚内台农一号芒果树冠层温度、降低湿度,有利于降低芒果果实采后贮存期的病害发生程度,提高果实品质,适合在我国南方多雨的芒果种植区推广应用.

Effects of rain shelter cultivation on temperature,humidity and fruit quality of Tainong 1 mango orchard

[Objective]The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of rain shelter cultivation on temperature,humidity and fruit quality of Tainong 1 mango orchard,and provide theoretical basis for rain shelter cultiva-tion in southern pluvial regions of China.[Method]Simple greenhouses were set up and covered during the full growth period from flowering to fruit harvest. Three-year-old Tainong 1 mango was used as experimental material. At the same time,open field cultivation was set as control(CK). Diurnal variation of temperature and humidity inside and outside the greenhouses were observed,post-harvest physiological indexes and disease occurence of mango were measured.[Result]Under rain shelter cultivation,daily average temperature in canopy was 0.7℃higher than that in the open field,average daily relative humidity was 6.0%lower than the control. The fruit appearance under rain shelter cultivation was bright and clean,the average fruit weight was 14.00 g higher than the open field fruit,and post-harvest disease incidence rate de-creased by 33.5%than the control(absolute value,the same below). Fruit quality analysis showed that the titratable acid in mango under rain shelter cultivation was 0.012 mg/100 gFW lower than the control,vitamin C was 0.01 mg/100 gFW higher than open field fruit,and soluble solid content was 1.20%higher than open field fruit.[Conclusion]The rain shelter cultivation model can increase temperature and reduce humidity in canopy of Tainong 1 mango in greenhouse,reduce the incidence of post-harvest disease,improve mango quality. Thus it can be promoted in mango planting areas in southern pluvial regions of China.