赤霉素对巨峰葡萄冬果花序拉长效果及果实品质的影响

[目的]探讨赤霉素(GA3)对巨峰葡萄冬果花序拉长效果及果实品质的影响,为广西地区巨峰葡萄一年两收高效、优质栽培提供技术支持.[方法]巨峰葡萄冬果修剪催芽后约15 d、新梢展开5~6叶时,分别用不同浓度GA3喷施新梢,以喷清水为对照(CK),定时测量各处理花序伸长情况;果实成熟后每处理采取5~10穗正常果穗,分别测量果穗长度、果粒数、果粒纵横径和果肉硬度,并分析果实可溶性固形物、还原糖和总酸含量.[结果]2.0、4.0、6.0、8.0和10.0 mg/L GA3处理均能明显拉长巨峰葡萄冬果的花序,喷施后15 d,分别比CK增长31.58%、28.96%、55.26%、50.00%和56.14%.果实成熟时,2.0、4.0、6.0、8.0和10.0 mg/L GA3处理的果穗长度分别为19.7、19.9、19.6、21.0和20.8 cm,明显长于CK的16.2 cm;不同浓度GA3处理对巨峰冬果果实的外观品质无明显影响,但能显著降低其总酸含量(P<0.05)、明显提高固酸比等内在品质;4.0和6.0 mg/L GA3处理的花序卷曲率较低,分别为4.60%和1.92%.[结论]喷施GA3可有效拉长巨峰葡萄冬果花序和果穗,明显提高果实的部分内在品质,以在冬果新梢展开5~6叶时喷施1次4.0~6.0 mg/L GA3的效果最佳.

Effects of gibberellin on inflorescence elongation and fruit quality of Kyoho winter fruit

[Objective]Effects of gibberellin(GA3) on inflorescence elongation and fruit quality of Kyoho winter fruit in order to provide technical support for efficient and high quality cultivation of one-year-two-harvest for Kyoho in Guangxi.[Method]Different concentrations of GA3 were sprayed on new tips of winter fruits after 15 d of sprouting while the new shoots grew 5-6 leaves,and spraying clear water was used as control. Inflorescence elongation in each treatment were mea-sured; five-ten normal clusters were picked up after fruits ripening, cluster length, fruit grain number, vertical diameter and transverse diameter of fruit, fruit hardness were detected and soluble solids, reducing sugar content and ratio of soluble so-lid value to titratable acidity were analyzed. [Result]2.0,4.0,6.0,8.0 and 10.0 mg/L of GA3 could obviously elongate in-florescence of Kyoho winter fruit, which increased by 31.58%,28.96%,55.26%,50.00% and 56.14% respectively 15 d after spraying compared with control. When the fruits were ripe,the cluster lengths were 19.7, 19.9, 19.6, 21.0 and 20.8 cm respectively after spraying GA3 of 2.0,4.0,6.0,8.0,10.0 mg/L, which were obviously longer than that of CK (16.2 cm). There was no obvious effects of different concentrations of GA3 treatments on appearance quality of Kyoho winter fruit. But GA3 treatments could significantly lower total acid content(P<0.05), and increased ration of soluble solid to titratable acidity. The inflorescence crimp percentages were 4.60% and 1.92%when the concentration of GA 3 were 4.0 and 6.0 mg/L respectively. [Conclusion]Spraying GA3 can elongate inflorescence and cluster length of Kyoho winter fruit ob-viously, and improve inner quality of fruit effectively. The optimal effects can be achieved spraying 4.0-6.0 mg/L GA 3 on new tip when the new shoots grow 5-6 leaves.