早熟短果指型香蕉新品种桂蕉早1号的选育及其高产栽培技术

目的]选育出早熟香蕉新品种,为优化广西及其他香蕉栽培区的品种结构提供候选品种.方法]对桂蕉6号组培苗的田间芽变单株进行繁殖与品系比较试验、优株选择和多点种植试验等,并观察其特征特性、抗性及产量表现.结果]桂蕉早1号属中干香蕉的中矮把品种,生育期340~385 d,采收期比桂蕉6号缩短15~30 d;果指粗短,比桂蕉6号短2.7~3.1 cm;假茎高220.0~250.0 cm,比桂蕉6号矮8.3%~16.7%.桂蕉早1号在广西的栽培密度1800~1950株/ha;2011~2014年在广西南宁市武鸣县种植试验中,新植组培苗及宿根第一、二造的平均株产量分别为20.1、25.2和24.3 kg,折合平均产量为36180.0、45360.0和43740.0 kg/ha;商品率96.8%~99.1%.桂蕉早1号果实充分后熟后,皮色金黄,香味浓郁,口感丝滑香甜,综合品质优于桂蕉6号和广西矮蕉.桂蕉早1号不抗香蕉枯萎病,不耐霜冻,广西各蕉区宜在12月中旬前收获完毕.该品种于2016年8月通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定.结论]桂蕉早1号属中干香蕉的中矮把品种,生育期较目前广西香蕉主栽品种短,能有效错开产出高峰期,有利于调节香蕉产期布局,综合品质优于桂蕉6号和广西矮蕉,可在桂南、桂东南及右江河谷等蕉区推广种植.

Breeding of a new early maturing and short-finger banana variety Guijiaozao 1 and its high-yield cultivation technology

Objective]In the present study, new early maturing banana varieties were bred in order to provide candidate varieties for optimizing the variety structure of Guangxi and other banana cultivation areas. Method]In the present study, mutant plants derived from Guijiao 6 plantlet in field were used and conducted reproduction and strain comparison, superior individual selection and multi-location planting. The characteristics, resistance and yield performance were observed and in-vestigated. Result]The bred banana variety Guijiaozao 1 was characterized by moderate plant height , and 340-385 d of growth duration. Its harvesting stage shortened 15-30 d compared to Guijiao 6; the fruit finger was short and stubby, 2.7-3.1 cm shorter than that of Guijiao 6. Its pseudostem was 220.0-250.0 cm and 8.3%-16.7% shorter than that of Guijiao 6. The planting density of Guijiaozao 1 in Guangxi was 1800-1950 plant/ha. The yields per plant of Guijiaozao 1 new planting, the 1st and 2nd ratoon cropping in Wuming, Guangxi during 2011-2014 were 20.1, 25.2 and 24.3 kg/plant, equalled to 36180.0, 45360.0 and 43740.0 kg/ha respectively. The commodity rate of Guijiaozao 1 was 96.8%-99.1%. The fruit of Gui-jiaozao 1 after maturation showed golden-yellow peel and aromatic flavor, sweet and delicious taste, and its comprehensive quality was superior to Guijiao 6 and Guangxi Aijiao. Guijiaozao 1 performed no resistance to banana fusarium wilt and frost. It was better to end harvest before middle of December in Guangxi. In August, 2016, Guijiaozao 1 was certified and regis-tered by Guangxi Committee for Crop Variety Registration. Conclusion]Guijiaozao 1, a moderate plant height banana va-riety, the growth duration is shorter than current main banana varieties in Guangxi. Therefore it can effectively stagger banana maturing peak stage and regulate arrangement of maturing stage. Guijiaozao 1 fruit comprehensive quality is better than Gui-jiao 6 and Guangxi Aijiao, therefore it can be promoted in south, southeast and Youjiang Valley of Guangxi.