简易通风对双孢蘑菇培养料一次发酵质量的影响

[目的]分析简易通风对双孢蘑菇培养料一次发酵质量的影响,为双孢蘑菇轻简化栽培提供技术支持.[方法]利用简易风机人为向料堆内送风,以传统不通风料堆为对照(CK),开展双孢蘑菇培养料一次发酵试验,监测发酵期间培养料的颜色、气味、韧度、pH、电导率(EC)、水分和C/N等理化性状及双孢蘑菇产量.[结果]简易通风发酵16 d、翻堆3次的双孢蘑菇培养料质量基本达到与CK发酵20 d、翻堆4次培养料相近的水平,颜色呈灰褐色或黑褐色,氨味中等,韧度0.42~0.76 kg,水含量67.0%~71.2%,pH 7.3~7.5,EC 3.62~4.22μs/cm,C/N 23.1~26.1.简易通风发酵翻堆3次培养料栽培的双孢蘑菇产量为8.7 kg/m2,略高于CK(8.0 kg/m2);翻堆4次培养料栽培的双孢蘑菇产量达9.6 kg/m2,显著高于CK(P<0.05).[结论]简易通风发酵可加快双孢蘑菇培养料发酵进程,简化发酵步骤,提高一次发酵培养料的质量和双孢蘑菇产量,可在双孢蘑菇小规模农法栽培中推广应用.

Effects of simple aeration on primary fermentation of Agaricus bisporus compost

[Objective]In order to provide technological basis for simple cultivation of Agaricus bisporus,the effects of simple aeration on the primary fermentation of A. bisporus compost were studied.[Method]A experiment on the prima-ry fermentation of A. bisporus compost was conducted,the compost stacks were ventilated using a simple blower,with the traditional compost stack without ventilation as control(CK). The physicochemical characteristics,such as color,smell, tensile strength,pH,conductivity(EC),C/N and moisture of the compost,were monitored during the fermentation. The yield of A. bisporus was also counted.[Result]Both the compost fermenting for 16 d with simple aeration and three turns and the compost fermenting for 20 d with four turns but no aeration(CK)basically achieved the similar effects. The two composts had similar physicochemical properties as following:color of light or dark brown ,middle density smell of ammonia,tensile strength of 0.42-0.76 kg,moisture 67.0%-71.2%,pH 7.3-7.5,EC 3.62-4.22 μs/cm and C/N 23.1-26.1. In the cultivation of A. bisporus,the compost in the simple aeration treatment with three turns gave a fruit body yield of 8.7 kg/m2,slightly higher than that of the CK(8.0 kg/m2). While the compost with four turns gave a yield of 9.6 kg/m2, significantly higher that of CK(P<0.05).[Conclusion]Simple aeration is beneficial for promoting the fermentation of A. bisporus compost,reducing the turning times,simplifying the fermentation procedure,improving the quality of compost in the primary fermentation ,and increasing the yield. Therefore ,it can be applied in the small-scale cultivation of A. bisporus.