漓江大型底栖动物群落组成特征分析

于2009—2010年间对漓江大型底栖动物群落组成进行了三次调查。结果显示:大型底栖动物共计6纲34种,其中昆虫纲占种类总数的41.18%,腹足纲占29.42%,寡毛纲、蛭纲、甲壳纲、瓣鳃纲的种类数较少,占29.40%。优势种有扁蜉(Epeorus vitreus)、小蜉(Ephemerella subvaria)、纹石蚕(Hydropsyche alternans)、摇蚊(Polypedilum vanderplanki)、霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparede)、河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)、凸旋螺(Gyraulus convexiusculus)、耳萝卜螺(Radix auricularia)、梨形环棱螺(Bellamya purificata)、中华圆田螺(Cipangopaludina chinensis)、中国圆田螺(Cipangopaludina cahayensis)、黑龙江短沟蜷(Semisulcospira amurensis)。大型底栖动物种类组成具有明显的季节性变化,春季种类数高于秋季种类数。大型底栖动物的密度为11～1920个/m2,平均值为127个/m2;生物量为0.1～811.68 g/m2,平均值为26.154 g/m2。大型底栖动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数变化范围为2.18～3.62,年均值为2.92。均匀度指数变化范围为0.53～0.79,年均值为0.68。

Community structure analysis of macroinvertebrate in the Lijiang River

Three times of surveys on macroinvertebrate communities in the Lijiang River were carried out during 2009—2010.A total of 34 species belonging to 6 classes were identified,among which Crustacea(41.18%) and Gastropoda(29.42%) were the dominant taxa,while other 4 classes of Oligochaeta,Hirudinea,Crustace and Lamellibranchia only accounted for 29.40%.The dominant species were Epeorus vitreus,Ephemerella subvaria,Hydropsyche alternans,Polypedilum vanderplanki,Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparede,Corbicula fluminea,Gyraulus convexiusculus,Radix auricularia,Bellamya purificata,Cipangopaludina chinensis,Cipangopaludina cahayensis and Semisulcospira amurensis.The macroinvertebrate species composition showed obvious seasonal variations during the survey period,and the species number was higher in spring than in autumn.The population density ranged from 11～1920 ind./m2,and the mean value was 127 ind./m2.The biomass ranged from 0.1～811.68 g/m2,and the mean value was 26.154 g/m2.The Shannon wiener diversity index varied from 2.18～3.62,and the mean value was 2.92.The evenness index varied from 0.53～0.79,and the mean value was 0.68.