Effects of sublethal, acidic aluminum exposure on blood ions and metabolites, cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss |
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Authors: | Ève B Dussault Richard C Playle D George Dixon R Scott McKinley |
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Institution: | (1) Aquatic Ecosystem Protection Research Branch, National Water Research Institute, 867 Lakeshore Road, P.O. Box 5050, Burlington, Ontario, L7R 4A6, Canada;(2) Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3C5, Canada;(3) Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada;(4) Department of Agroecology, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada |
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Abstract: | Doppler flow probes were fitted around the ventral aorta of rainbow trout, which were exposed to combinations of pH and aluminum (pH 5.1–6.2, Al 0–80 g l–1) for 60 h. Fish accumulated Al at the gill and exhibited decreased blood Na+, Cl–, and Ca2+ concentrations, and increased K+, hematocrit, hemoglobin, glucose, and lactate, indicating increasing ionoregulatory disturbance with increasing Al concentration. Fish exposed to ambient water (6.2) or low-pH (5.3) water without Al exhibited slight reductions in heart rates, as well as increased stroke volume, resulting in little variation in cardiac output. In the presence of Al (20 to 40 g l–1) at low pH (5.1–5.3), fish increased their heart rate slightly and generally maintained their stroke volume, resulting in increased cardiac output in the first two days of exposure. At the highest Al concentration (80 g l–1, pH 5.1), tachycardia was observed, concomitant with a decrease in stroke volume. The ionoregulatory imbalance and resulting increased blood viscosity explain these increases in heart rate rather than stroke volume in fish exposed to high concentrations of Al. |
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Keywords: | aluminum gills cardiac output heart rate trout |
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