基于SRP模型的新安江流域生态脆弱性评价分析

生态脆弱性研究对发现生态环境问题，开展生态保护与修复具有重要的意义。新安江流域的跨省生态补偿机制成功运行，彰显了生态文明思想的力量。本文选取能够真实贴切反应流域生态环境的指标构建生态敏感性—生态恢复力—生态压力度模型（SRP模型），运用层次分析法结合专家打分对指标权重进行赋值，在500m×500m的栅格尺度下叠加生态红线的划定对新安江流域2015-2020年的生态脆弱性进行评价与分析，同时为区域的生态保护与修复提出对策建议。主要结论如下：1）新安江流域整体的生态状况良好，极度脆弱区占比仅在1%左右，且与人类活动强度的空间耦合性较好，呈现由中部核心地区向周围逐渐衰减的态势；2）5年期间，流域生态敏感性向好发展，生态恢复力略有下降，生态压力度维持稳定态势。整体生态脆弱性结构稳定，虽然脆弱性强度值下降了0.12，但86.6%的区域脆弱性等级未发生变化；3）县域尺度上，脆弱性变化出现“马太效应”，生态环境较脆弱的屯溪区、徽州区和黟县生态脆弱性上升，而生态环境较好的祁门县、休宁县和黄山区的生态脆弱性下降；4）流域的生态红线保护区受人类生产生活影响较小，基本无极度脆弱区存在，但是对于水源涵养功能保护区的维护力度还需加大。

Evaluation and analysis of ecological vulnerability in Xin''anjiang River Basin Based on SRP model

The study of ecological vulnerability is of great significance to find ecological and environmental problems and carry out ecological protection and restoration. The successful operation of the inter provincial ecological compensation mechanism in the Xin''anjiang River Basin demonstrates the power of ecological civilization thought. This paper selects the indicators that can truly and appropriately reflect the ecological environment of the basin to construct the ecological sensitivity - ecological resilience - ecological pressure model (SRP model), assigns the index weight by analytic hierarchy process combined with expert scoring, and evaluates and analyzes the ecological vulnerability of Xin''anjiang basin by superimposing the delimitation of ecological red line from 2015 to 2020 on a grid scale of 500m. At the same time, it puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for regional ecological protection and restoration The main conclusions are as follows, 1) The overall ecological condition of Xin''anjiang river basin is good, and the extremely vulnerable areas account for only about 1%, and has good spatial coupling with the intensity of human activities, which shows a trend of gradual attenuation from the central core area to the surrounding area. 2) From 2015 to 2020, the ecological sensitivity of the basin developed well, the ecological resilience decreased slightly, and the ecological pressure remained stable. The overall ecological vulnerability structure is stable. Although the vulnerability intensity value has decreased by 0.12, 86.6% of the regional vulnerability level has not changed. 3) On the county scale, the vulnerability appears Matthew effect, which means, the ecological vulnerability of Tunxi District, Huizhou District and Yi county with fragile ecological environment increased, while the ecological vulnerability of Qimen County, Xiuning County and Huangshan District with better ecological environment decreased. 4) The ecological red line protection area in the basin is less affected by human production and life, and there are basically no extremely vulnerable areas, but the maintenance of water conservation function protection areas needs to be strengthened.