不同氮素水平对北疆高产杂交棉功能叶生理特性及产量的影响

【目的】结合北疆气候条件和植棉特点,研究不同氮肥用量对杂交棉叶片光合特性和产量的调节效应,探讨北疆杂交棉氮肥运筹措施,为杂交棉的高产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以杂交棉标杂A_1为研究对象,通过设置不同用量氮肥处理,研究不同施氮量对杂交棉叶片光合速率、叶绿素含量、叶簇倾角、叶面积指数等指标变化的影响。【结果】随施氮量增加,杂交棉单株结铃数和单铃重呈现先增加后减少的趋势。在试验条件下,施氮量在374.7～375.6 kg/hm~2时,杂交棉籽棉产量达到最大。施氮量不足或过量,对叶片光合速率、叶绿素含量、叶簇倾角和叶面积指数均产生不同程度的影响,从而影响到光合物质的生产和转移,最终影响到产量。【结论】适宜的施氮量是杂交棉保持较高的光合速率、合理的叶簇倾角和叶面积指数,并获得高产的关键。

The Effect of Different Nitrogen Levels on the Leaf Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Hybrid Cotton in Northern Xinjiang

【Objective】According to climatic conditions and characteristics in Northern Xinjiang,the study on the effects of different amount of nitrogen fertilizer on hybrid cottons leaf photosynthetic characteristics and yield was conducted to explore the strategies of using fertilizer so as to provide theoretical basis for cultivation in northern Xinjiang.【Method】One hybrid cotton cultivar Biaoza A,was selected as the experimental material,and photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll value,mean foliage inclination angle,leaf area index were measured at different nitrogen stages.【Result】With the amount of nitrogen increased,the number of hybrid cotton boll per plant and boll weight showed a decreasing trend after the first increase.In the experimental conditions,amount of nitrogen in the 374.7-375.6 kg/hm~2,the hybrid cotton yield reached maximum.Inadequate or excessive nitrogen,on leaf photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll value,mean foliage inclination angle and leaf area index clusters were affected in different degrees,thus affecting the production and transfer of dry matter,and affecting the final yield.【Conclusion】In order to maintain a high photosynthetic rate,reasonable foliage angle and leaf area index,and high yields,the key is appropriate amount of nitrogen.