青海云杉林昆虫群落垂直结构研究

采取以线路调查为主,踏查与详查、人工采集与灯诱相结合的方法,对祁连山自然保护区青海云杉林中不同林层的昆虫分别进行了采集调查分析.结果表明祁连山区青海云杉林中植食性昆虫具有明显的垂直分层结构,根据林分的垂直结构和昆虫寄生、取食树木组织部位可划分为6个群落,其种类由多到少依次为灌木和草本层昆虫群落(928种),土壤与根部昆虫群落(约780种),嫩梢与针叶昆虫群落(117种),树干韧皮部与木质部昆虫群落(66种)、枝梢与嫩皮昆虫群落(38种)、花与种实昆虫群落(14种).危害程度由重到轻依次为嫩梢与针叶昆虫群落、树干韧皮部与木质部昆虫群落、花与种实昆虫群落、枝梢与嫩皮昆虫群落、灌木和草本层昆虫群落、土壤与根部昆虫群落.在青海云杉寄生或取食的昆虫多数种类为单食性或寡食性,少数种类为多食性,取食或寄生于林下灌木层和草本层的昆虫大多数为多食性,少数种类为寡食性,较少为单食性.多数种类的取食部位较为固定,但也有许多种类可以在几个部位取食.

Investigation of Vertical Structure of Insect Community in Picea crassifolia Forest

The insects in different layers of the spruce(Picea crassifolia) forest in difgerent latitude area in Qilian Mountains Nature Reserve were investigated and analysed,using connection survey as the main method combining with tread survey and sift survey and with manpower collection and light collection.The results showed that the phytophagous insects in the spruce forest in Qilian Mountains exhibited obvious vertival stratification structure.According to the amounty of species of each structure,it could be divided into 6 insect communities,namely the insects community of fhe shrub and herbage(928 species),of the soil and root(780 species),of the tender end and needle(117 species),of the stem phloem and xylem(66 species),of the branch thin end twig shin(38 species),of the blossom and seed and fruit(14 species).According to the degree of infestation,from heavy to light,the insect communities followed the order of the tender end and tender needle,the stem phloem and xylem,the soil and root.The majority of the insects feeding on or parasitizing in Picea crassifolia were monophagous or oligophagous;the minority of them were polyphagous.The insects feeding on or parasitizing in the bush layer and grass layer were largely polyphagous,a few were oligophagous,the oligophagous insects were very few.The feeding parts on the tree of the majority of the insects were relatively fixed,but there were many insects feeding on several parts of trees.