Solvolysis procedures for the determination of bound residues of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in fusarium species infected grain of two winter wheat cultivars preinfected with barley yellow dwarf virus

A trichloroacetic acid treatment at 140 degrees C for 40 min was successfully established as a suitable solvolysis procedure for the recovery of bound deoxynivalenol or its derivatives in Fusarium-infected plants. Deoxynivalenol itself was not decomposed in the procedure. The derivative 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol was chosen as a model compound for setting free deoxynivalenol in an acid-catalyzed deesterification reaction, developing the method. This is the first report using a trichloroacetic acid solvolysis procedure as a sample incubation step to free bound deoxynivalenol and determine free from bound deoxynivalenol in the sample. Between 13 and 63% of the total deoxynivalenol consisted of nonextractable deoxynivalenol. Deoxynivalenol contents in grain of the susceptible cultivar "Agent" infected with Fusarium spp. were 12-24 times higher when compared to those for the corresponding moderately resistant cultivar "Petrus". The highest deoxynivalenol amounts were determined in grain infected with Fusarium spp. as well as simultaneously infected with BYDV. This solvolysis procedure may be of importance for distinguishing between resistant and susceptible plants and their ability to immobilize (bound) mycotoxins as a plant defense mechanism.