不同脂肪源对异育银鲫生长性能、机体成分、血清生化指标、体组织脂肪酸组成及脂质代谢的影响

试验以异育银鲫为研究对象,分别以日粮中添加5.4%鱼油、5.4%豆油、5.4%菜籽油、5.4%亚麻油为脂肪源,选择健康、规格、体质量基本一致的异育银鲫336尾,随机分为4组,每组3个重复、在可控温循环流水圆形蓄养槽内进行为期64 d的投喂试验,探讨不同脂肪源对异育银鲫生长、体成分及血清生化指标的影响。试验结果表明:豆油组及菜籽油组增重率、特定生长率显著高于鱼油组,豆油组肥满度显著低于鱼油组及亚麻油组,各试验组末均体质量、饲料系数、肝体比及脏体比均没有显著差异(P>0.05);各组间肌肉水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白及粗灰分均无显著差异(P>0.05);不同饲料脂肪源对鱼体肌肉脂肪酸组成有显著影响,并且鱼体脂肪酸的组成与饲料脂肪酸的组成有很大相关性,其中鱼油组与菜籽油组有极显著相关性(P<0.01),豆油组显著相关(P<0.05);鱼油组的血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶及碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于其它组(P<0.05);各试验组间胰岛素、皮质醇、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、白球比、血糖、胆固醇及甘油三酯均无显著差异(P>0.05);各组肉碱软脂酰基转移酶-Ⅰ(CPT-Ⅰ)、肉碱软脂酰基转移酶-Ⅱ(CPT-Ⅱ)、脂肪酶、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)及脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)均无显著差异(P>0.05)。因此,日粮中添加一定量的豆油、菜籽油或亚麻油同样能取得良好的生长效果,为以后生产中以菜籽油或亚麻油替代豆油或鱼油提供了理论依据,节约了生产成本。

Effect of dietary oil sources on growth performance, body composition,the serum biochemical indices, fatty acids composition and lipid metabolism of Carassius auratus gibelio

This study focused on evaluating the effects of different dietary lipid sources on growth, body composition, serum biochemical indices, and activities of lipometabolism enzymes of Carassius auratus gibelio. The growth experiment was conducted to test four dietary lipids (soybean oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil, and fish oil) on C. auratus gibelio. The fish with initial body weight (14.33±0.02) g were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates per group, fed with 5.4% of each lipid included in basic diet in a recirculation system for 63 days. The results showed that the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate of fish fed both soybean oil and rapeseed oil were significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of fish fed fish oil, while the condition factor of fish that fed soybean oil was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of fish fed fish oil and linseed oil, and not different from that of other groups. However, the muscle moisture, the crude lipid, the crude protein, and the ash content in different tissues of C. auratus gibelio did not showed significant difference among the groups (P>0.05). Fatty acid composition of muscle in fish generally reflected the composition of the diet. There was close correlation between the fatty acid composition of fish muscle and those of experimental diets. The activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease (GOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the plasma of fish oil group were significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.05), while no significant difference was found among all treatments in insulin, cortisol, total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), A/G, glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHOL), and triglyceride (TG) in the plasma. Furthermore, enzyme activities related to lipid metabolism (carnitine palmityl transferase-I, carnitine palmityl transferase-II, acetyl-coa carboxylase, lipoprotein lipase and so on) of crucian carp were not significantly different among all treatments. These results indicate that the diet supplemented with rapeseed oil or linseed oil in feeding C. auratus gibelio can also achieve good growth and provide theoretical basis for the replacement of fish oil and soybean oil, which can economize the production cost in the future.