Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with three spruce-infesting bark beetles in Slovenia |
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Authors: | Andreja Repe Thomas Kirisits Barbara Piškur Maarten de Groot Bojka Kump Maja Jurc |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ve?na pot 83, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia 2. Institute of Forest Entomology, Forest Pathology and Forest Protection Department for Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Hasenauerstrasse 38, 1190, Vienna, Austria 3. Department of Forest Protection, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ve?na pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia 4. Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Abstract: | Context Ophiostomatoid fungi can severely affect the health and economic value of Norway spruce trees (Picea abies). Although the diversity of ophiostomatoid species and their associations with insects have been well-investigated in central and northern Europe, little is known about the conditions in south-eastern Europe. Aim This study aims to study the assemblages of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with three bark beetle species (Ips typographus, Ips amitinus, and Pityogenes chalcographus) that infect Norway spruce in Slovenia. Methods Bark beetles were sampled in four phytogeographic regions in Slovenia. The fungi found on the bark beetles were identified based on morphology, DNA sequence comparisons of ITS regions and phylogenetic analysis. The species compositions of the fungal associates of the three insect species were compared and the pairwise associations of the occurrence of the fungal species were analysed. Results Thirteen different species were found. The most commonly encountered fungal associates of the beetles were Ophiostoma bicolor, Ophiostoma brunneo-ciliatum, Grosmannia piceiperda, Ophiostoma ainoae, Ceratocystiopsis minuta, and Grosmannia penicillata. The composition of the fungal associates differed among the bark beetle species, but not among the phytogeographic regions. Conclusions This study confirms that ophiostomatoid species are common associates of the investigated bark beetle species. Many ophiostomatoid species have strong host associations. I. typographus and P. chalcographus can act as effective vectors for O. bicolor, O. ainoae, G. piceiperda and O. brunneo-ciliatum, whereas I. amitinus often carries G. piceiperda and C. minuta in Slovenian forests. |
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