秸秆还田对旱地小麦旗叶衰老及产量的影响

为了研究秸秆还田对旱地小麦的影响，通过田间试验的方法，研究了秸秆还田对旱地小麦旗叶衰老及产量的影响。试验结果表明，秸秆还田处理的小麦旗叶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、可溶性蛋白含量均比未还田的要高，而过氧化物酶(POD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量均比未还田处理的要低。在花后20天后，秸秆还田处理的小麦旗叶SOD活性、可溶性蛋白含量均比秸秆未还田的要高，并且增加的速度在加快；而POD活性、MDA含量均比秸秆未还田处理的要低，并且降低速度同时也在加快。秸秆还田可以维持较高的保护酶体系，减少膜的破坏。在产量结构及产量上，秸秆还田处理的穗数、穗粒数、千粒重等明显比未还田处理的高，产量也有显著提高，比秸秆未还田处理高10.07%。因此，秸秆还田处理利于缓解旱地小麦旗叶的衰老，对旱地小麦的产量有提高作用。

The Effect of Straw Return on the Flag Leaf Senescence and Yield in the Dry-land Wheat

he effect of straw return on the flag leaf senescence and yield had been studied in open dry-land wheat. The results showed that the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and soluble protein content of wheat flag leaf by straw return were higher than that in the straw removed. And the activity of peroxidase (POD) and the content of malondiadehyde (MDA) were lower than that in the straw removed. After 20 days after anthesis, the activity of SOD and the content of soluble protein of straw returned wheat flag leaf was higher than that of straw not returning, and the speed of increase was speed up; And the activity of POD and the content of MDA of straw returned wheat flag leaf were lower than that of straw not returning, and the speed of decreased was speed up. The treatment of straw returned maintain higher protective enzyme system, reduced the damage of the membrane. The yield and yield components in the spike number, grain number per spike and thousand grain weight by straw returned were higher than that in the straw removed in open dry-land wheat, and the yield was higher 10.07% than that of the straw removed with significant difference. And we think that straw treatment was alleviated flag leaf senescence of dry-land wheat, and straw returned treatment also was benefit to gain higher yield.