东北农林交错区土地利用景观及生态服务价值变化

目的]分析东北农林交错区土地利用景观及其生态环境效应的变化特征,为区域内资源利用和生态环境保护提供科学依据。方法]采用景观生态学理论和3S技术等理论方法,以1991—2013年4个时间点的遥感影像为数据源,通过景观指数计算和模型分析,得到22a间土地利用景观格局和生态服务价值的演变特征,并对其驱动力进行探讨。结果]在1991—2013年,景观指数普遍经历"V"或"Λ"型的变化过程,景观形状、多样性指数近几年不断下降,斑块平均面积、蔓延度、聚集度增加,景观破碎化程度减小,稳定性、多样性遭到破坏,生态服务总价值经历下降后,在2013年达到524 299.55万元,林地是研究区最大景观类型,对生态服务总价值贡献率在40%以上。结论]研究区近22a间土地利用景观及生态服务价值变化剧烈,受人口增长、社会经济发展和国家政策导向的影响较大。

Landscape and Ecosystem Service Values of Land-use in Forest-agriculture Region of Northeast China

Objective] The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics of land use landscape and its eco-environmental effects in northeast agriculture and forestry interlaced zone in order to provide scientific basis for resource utilization and ecological environment protection. Methods] Based on the method of landscape ecology and 3S technology, remote sensing images in 1991, 2001, 2007 and 2013 were used, and landscape index calculation and model analysis were employed to study the evolution of land use landscape pattern and ecological service value. The driving forces of land use landscape evolution were also investigated. Results] During the period from 1991 to 2013, landscape indexes varied as a "V" or "Λ" shape. The landscape indexes and diversity indexes decreased, while patch average area, sprawl and contagion indexes increased. The landscape fragmentation decreased, and the stability and diversity of landscape were damaged. The total value of ecosystem services decreased initially, and then increased continuously and reached to 5 242 995.5 thousand yuan in 2013. Forest was the greatest landscape type, which contributed above 40% for the total value of ecosystem services. Conclusion] Land-use landscape and the value of ecosystem services changed greatly in the study area during the past 22 year, and population increase, economic development and government policy were the main driving factors.