播种期对吉林小粒大豆生育进程、产量及品质的影响

为了探究不同播种期对吉林小粒大豆生育进程、产量及品质的影响,以3种不同生育期的小粒大豆品种为试验材料,设置5个播种期处理,研究不同播种期对小粒大豆生育进程、产量及品质的变化规律。结果表明:随着播种期的推迟,小粒大豆生育进程延后,生育期表现缩短趋势,且各处理间差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01);小粒大豆单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重及产量均呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势,不同播期的单株荚数和单株粒数差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05),A1~A3播期间百粒重差异不显著,各品种产量均在A2(5月4日)播种期最高,东农690为2 448.6 kg·hm^-2,吉林小粒豆6号为2 606.9 kg·hm^-2,九芽豆1号为3 101.2 kg·hm^-2,播期间产量差异极显著(P<0.01);回归分析结果表明,播期与产量间具有很大的相关性。早播或迟播病粒率增加,完全粒率降低,蛋白质含量和蛋脂总含量降低,推迟播期籽粒粗脂肪含量持续下降;小粒大豆播期与蛋白质含量呈显著或极显著负相关关系,与脂肪含量、总蛋脂含量呈极显著负相关关系。吉林地区小粒大豆适宜播期是5月4日左右,此期间播种有利于获得高产优质的小粒大豆。

Effects of Sowing Date on Development Process,Yield and Quality of Glycine gracilis in Jilin

In order to explore the effects of different sowing dates on the growth process, yield and quality of Glycine gracilis in Jilin province, three Glycine gracilis varieties with different growth periods were used as experimental materials, and five sowing dates were set up. The effects of different sowing dates on the growth process, yield and quality of Glycine gracilis were studied. The results indicated that with the postponement of sowing date, the growth process of Glycine gracilis was delayed and the growth period was shortened, and the difference among treatments reached a very significant level(P<0.01). The number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight and the yield of Glycine gracilis increased first and then decreased, and the difference of pods per plant and seeds per plant reached significant level(P<0.05)between different sowing dates. There was no significant difference in 100-seed weight during A1-A3. The yield of all varieties was the highest at the sowing date of A2(May 4 th). Dongnong 690 was 2 448.6 kg·ha-1, Jilin xiaolidou 6 was 2 606.9 kg·ha-1 and Jiuyadou 1 was 3 101.2 kg·ha-1,the yield was very significant level(P<0.01)between sowing dates.The results of regression analysis indicated that there was a significant correlation between sowing date and yield. The percentage of diseased seeds increased in early sowing or late sowing, the percentage of complete seeds decreased, the content of protein and total protein and fat decreased, and the content of fat decreased continuously in delayed sowing. There was a significant or very significant negative correlation between the sowing date of Glycine gracilis and protein content, and a very significant negative correlation with fat content and total protein and fat content. The suitable sowing date of Glycine gracilis in Jilin area was about May 4 th, during which sowing was beneficial to obtain high yield and good quality.