日光温室不同栽培茬口番茄需水量初探

作物的需水量由植株蒸腾和棵间蒸发两部分构成。试验分别研究了日光温室冬春茬和秋冬茬的植株蒸腾量和棵间蒸发量,同时也研究了植株蒸腾量和棵间蒸发量与日光温室内的光、温、湿以及水面蒸发的相关性。结果表明：番茄植株蒸腾量在秋冬茬随生育进程呈逐渐减少的趋势，最大值在开花结果期为457.92ml H2O/(d·plant)，到成熟采摘时最少,为78.95ml H2O/(d·plant)；冬春茬则相反，随番茄的生长发育进程植株的蒸腾逐渐增加，在营养期最低为135.78ml H2O/(d·plant)，在果实膨大期最大为524.24ml H2O/(d·plant)。棵间蒸发在两个栽培茬口的趋势与植株蒸腾相似。经计算得到秋冬茬番茄的需水量为2098.95m3/hm2，冬春茬番茄的需水量为2789.25 m3/hm2。冬春茬对植株蒸腾与棵间蒸发影响最大的分别是温度和湿度；而在秋冬茬对植株蒸腾与棵间蒸发影响最大均为光强。

Primary Study on Water Requirment of Tomato in Different Season in Solar Greenhouse

Water equipment of plants is composed of plant transpiration and soil evaporation between plants. This experimentation not only studies the water requirement of tomato but also studies the relativity between water requirement of tomato and environment factors in solar greenhouse in different season. The experimentation comes out that in autumn-winter water equipment of tomato becomes less and less, but in winter-spring water equipment of tomato becomes more and more. In autumn-winter the total water equipment is 2098.95 m3/hm2, but in winter-spring the total water equipment is2789.25 m3/hm2. Among the environment factors, temperature and humidity each has the most powerful influence on plant transpiration and soil evaporation in winter-spring, but in autumn-winter the most powerful influence factor of environment on plant transpiration and soil evaporation are both light intensity.