不同密度与施氮量对干旱区玉米产量及其构成因素的影响研究

为确定甘肃中部干旱区玉米种植的最佳密度和施氮量,采用田间试验方法,选用适宜性玉米新品种福地201和高玉811为试验材料,研究了不同密度与不同施氮量对其产量及产量构成性状的影响,分析其产量表现及综合性状以确定最佳增产配方,为提高甘肃中部旱作农业区全膜双垄沟播玉米增产潜力提供理论支持。结果表明:(1)在全膜双垄沟播栽培技术条件下,通过分析密度和施氮量对玉米产量相关因素关系的影响得出,高产稳产最佳种植密度为7.2万株·hm~(-2),施氮量675 kg·hm~(-2),果穗干物质产量达13 792.35 kg·hm~(-2);(2)产量随施氮量增加明显,茎粗则随追氮肥量增加先缓增后明显下降;(3)密度增加,产量下降不明显,但茎粗减小极显著,抗倒性降低,稳产性减弱,低密度增施氮肥,增产效果明显;(4)不同密度与施氮量处理下各性状与产量相关系数达到0.7977,通过0.001信度检验,达到极显著相关水平。

Effects of planting density and nitrogen usage on maize yield and yield components in arid area

In order to determine the best of maize planting density and nitrogen fertilization in the central arid area of Gansu, the use of a field experiment was carried out. The new trial materials were Fudi 201 and Gaoyu 811 that are the local maize varieties widely cultivated. The effects of different densities and nitrogen rate on its yield components and traits were then conducted, and maize production performance and comprehensive traits was analyzed to determine the best combination, allowing the improvement of maize yield potential and thereby providing a theoretical support for the whole film double furrow in the arid farming area in central Gansu. The results showed that with the whole film double furrow sowing planting techniques, the analysis of the effects of density and nitrogen application on maize yield components indicated that the optimal planting density for high and stable yield was 7.2×10⁴ plant·hm^-2 with a nitrogen rate of 675 kg·hm^-2, resulting in 13 792.35 kg·hm^-2 of the dry matter yield in ear. Additionally, production was enhanced significantly by increasing the nitrogen application, causing stem diameter to be elevated first but then decreased after the addition of nitrogen fertilizer. Increasing in planting density did not reduce the yield markedly, but the stem diameter. This further reduced the lodging resistance, and weakened the yield stability. Low-density nitrogen fertilization increased yield apparently. Moreover, the correlation coefficient between various traits by different treatments of planting density and nitrogen levels was 0.7977, reaching a significant level by 0.001 reliability test.