滁州市冬小麦生育期作物需水量和降水变化特征

基于1961—2013年滁州市气象数据，运用集合经验模态分解和交叉小波分析，探究了冬小麦生育期需水量和灌溉需水量的变化特征。结果表明:1961—2013年滁州市冬小麦生育期需水量和灌溉需水量均呈增加趋势（增势分别为:2.80，1.48 mm/a）；年代变化上，冬小麦生育期需水量逐渐增大，灌溉需水量大致呈现先减少后增加的变化特征。冬小麦生育期作物需水量和灌溉需水量均呈现明显的多尺度变化特征，表现为多尺度的周期变化特征和趋势变化特征。作物需水量存在2.65，6.63，13.25，26.50 a的周期，灌溉需水量存在3.11，5.89，10.60，26.5 a的周期。研究时段，作物需水量和灌溉需水量与潜在蒸散量呈同相位分布，与降水量呈显著的反相位。

Variation of Water Requirement and Precipitation in Wheat Growth Stages from 1961 to 2013

Based on the data from Meteorological Bureau of Chuzhou City and using ensemble empirical mode decomposition and cross wavelet analysis, the crop and irrigation water requirements during the wheat growth stages were analyzed. The results showed that the crop and irrigation water requirements experienced increasing trend with the rate of 2.80 mm/year and 1.48 mm/year from 1961 to 2013, respectively. For decadal change, the crop water requirement presented gradually increasing trend, while the irrigation water requirement exhibited decrease first and then increase. The crop water requirement has the periodicities of 2.65 years, 6.63 years, 13.25 years and 26.50 years, the irrigation water requirement has the periodicities of 3.11 years, 5.89 years, 10.60 years and 26.5 years. The crop and irrigation water requirements have the in-phase relationship with evapotranspiration and significant anti-phase relationship with precipitation.