公路边坡不同护坡措施表层土壤水分动态变化规律

为了确定公路边坡不同护坡措施保水效果，以沈抚高速沿线的草皮防护（CP）、挂网喷播（GW）、六角空心砖防护（LJ）和菱形防护（LX）四种典型边坡防护措施为研究对象，利用土壤水分测量仪观测不同护坡措施的表层土壤含水量，分析不同护坡措施下土壤含水量的时空演变特征。结果表明:不同护坡措施土壤含水量均表现为坡下 > 坡中 > 坡上；土壤含水量均值在13日，14日均表现为CP > GW > LJ > LX，而在15日，16日均表现为CP > LJ > GW > LX；在同种护坡措施下，土壤含水量变异程度在各坡位均表现为随时间变化呈逐渐增大的规律；在同一坡面情况下，六角空心砖防护坡面表层土壤水分变异系数（CV）表现为坡上 > 坡下 > 坡中，其余三种护坡措施CV均表现为坡上 > 坡中 > 坡下；护坡措施土壤含水量变异程度随时间变化表现为LX（12.5%） > GW（10.6%） > CP（9.2%） > LJ（8.5%），菱形植草与其余三种措施间差异显著（p < 0.05），挂网植草与六角空心砖防护差异显著（p < 0.05），草皮防护与这两种措施均未达到显著水平；六角空心砖配合紫穗槐灌木和小火炬草本植被的护坡形式保水效果较好。

Dynamic Variations of Surface Soil Moisture Contents Under Different Slope Protection Measures in Highway

Four typical kinds of slope protection measures, including turf (CP), hanging net (GW), hexagon hollow brick (LJ) and rhombus (LX), along the Shenfu Highway, had been taken into account in order to determine the water conservation effects of those measures in highway slopes, and the soil moisture contents of those measures were determined using soil moisture measuring instrument, so as to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of surface soil moisture contents in different slope protection procedures. The results showed that in all protection slopes, soil water contents followed the order:lower slope > middle slope > upper slope; On the 13^th day and 14^th day, the mean soil water contents followed the order:CP > GW > LJ > LX, while on the 15^th day and 16^th day, it followed the order:CP > LJ > GW > LX; under the same protection measure, the variation degrees of soil water contents in each slope position increased gradually over time; under the same slope, the variable coefficient (CV) of surface soil moisture content in hexagon hollow brick slope followed the order:upper slope > lower slope > middle slope, while other slopes followed the order:upper slope > middle slope > lower slope; in all protection slopes, the variation degrees of soil water contents followed the order over time:LX(12.5%) > GW(10.6%) > CP(9.2%) > LJ(8.5%), in which the rhombus had a significant difference with other three measures(p < 0.05), and hanging net had a significant difference with hexagon hollow brick (p < 0.05), while the difference between turf and these two measures were insignificant; cooperation of hexagon hollow brick with Amorpha fruticosa L. and Kniphofia uvaria had better water conservation effect.