不同施肥模式对稻茬烤烟生长和干物质积累及产质量的影响

为减少稻作烟区烤烟施氮量，明确稻茬烤烟减氮施肥模式的效果，以‘云烟87’为材料，采用大田试验，研究了减氮施肥模式与传统施肥模式对烤烟生长、干物质积累和烟叶产量、质量的影响。结果表明：减氮施肥模式有利于烤烟大田前期生长，可提高烤烟干物质积累总量5.03%，同时促进干物质向烟叶分配，有利于中、下部烟叶发育。减氮施肥模式的中部烟叶总糖、还原糖和钾含量可分别提高5.99%、5.42%、0.14%，中、上部烟叶的烟碱含量可分别降低0.37%、0.09%，下部烟叶的烟碱含量提高0.4%，提高烤烟化学成分可用性。南方稻作烟区可采用减少基肥氮和增加追肥氮比例、基肥穴施、増施灌蔸肥、分次浇施追肥的减氮施肥模式，以减少氮肥用量，提高烟叶质量，增加烟农收入。

Effects of Different Fertilization Modes on the Growth,Dry Matter Accumulation,Yield and Quality of Paddy-tobacco

To reduce the nitrogen application rate on tobacco in the paddy-tobacco growing area and clarify the effect of nitrogen reduction fertilization mode on paddy-tobacco, taking flue-cured tobacco variety ‘Yunyan 87’ as the test material, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen reduction fertilization mode and traditional fertilization mode on growth, dry matter accumulation, yield and quality of paddy-tobacco. The results showed that the nitrogen reduction fertilization mode was beneficial to the early growth of tobacco in the field and the development of middle and lower tobacco leaves, the mode increased the total dry matter accumulation of tobacco by 5.03%, promoted the dry matter distribution to tobacco leaves. Under the nitrogen reduction fertilization mode, the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar and potassium in middle leaves increased by 5.99%, 5.42% and 0.14% respectively; the nicotine content of middle and upper leaves decreased by 0.37% and 0.09% respectively, that of lower leaves increased by 0.4%, and the availability of chemical components in flue-cured tobacco was improved. The nitrogen reduction fertilization mode can be adopted by reducing the basal nitrogen and increasing the proportion of topdressing nitrogen, applying basal fertilizer in holes, increasing the watering root fertilizer and multiple watering the topdressing fertilizers, to reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, improve the quality of tobacco leaves and increase the income of tobacco farmers in paddy-tobacco growing area of south China.