基于SWOT-PEST分析的中国热带作物产业发展策略研究

热带作物产业是中国农业的重要组成部分,对保障国家资源安全、乡村振兴、民族团结和服务外交等方面具有重要意义。运用SWOT-PEST方法,结合中国热带作物产业发展现状,从政治、经济、社会、技术4个方面对中国热带作物产业的内部优势、劣势以及面临的外部机遇、挑战进行分析,并构建了分析矩阵,研究表明中国热带作物产业拥有政府重视程度高、自然资源丰富、区位优、较好的产业发展基础和科技力量储备等内部优势,同时也存在扶持力度相对不足、经营水平发展较为滞后、资源环境约束和生产成本的压力较大和科技进步贡献率较低等自身劣势。建议综合运用中国热带作物产业发展的增长型、扭转型、多元化和防御型4种策略,以“一带一路”倡议、乡村振兴战略和持续对外开放政策为契机,利用好国内市场需求旺盛、多元化需求不断增长、新技术应用力度加大的发展机遇,在充分挖掘和发挥内部优势的基础上,通过呼吁政府进一步加强对热带作物产业的政策支持力度、完善热带作物产业经营体系建设、推动热带作物企业“走出去”、科技创新驱动产业延链升级等方式补齐自身短板,减少或避免国际热带农产品市场对国内的冲击、供给安全的不确定性以及科技创新供给不足的威胁,全面提高中国热带作物产业的国际竞争力。

Development Strategy of Tropical Crop Industry in China Based on SWOT- PEST Analysis

Tropical crop industry is an important part of China’s agriculture, which is of great significance to national resource security, rural revitalization, national unity and diplomacy. Using SWOT-PEST method in combination with the current development status of China’s tropical crop industry, this paper analyzes the internal advantages, disadvantages, external opportunities and challenges of China’s tropical crop industry from four aspects of politics, economy, society and technology, and constructs an analysis matrix. The study shows that China’s tropical crop industry has internal advantages such as government emphasis, diversified natural resources, location advantages, good industrial development foundation and scientific and technological strength reserve. At the same time, there are also disadvantages such as relatively insufficient support, lagging development of management level, high pressure of resource and environment constraints and production costs, and low contribution rate of scientific and technological progress. It is suggested that four strategies of growth, torsion, diversification and defense for the development of China’s tropical crop industry should be comprehensively applied. Taking the Belt and Road Initiative, the Rural Revitalization Strategy and the continuous opening-up policy as an opportunity, we should make good use of the development opportunities of strong domestic market, growing diversified demand and increasing application of new technologies, and fully tap and play the internal advantages. By strengthening government policy support for the tropical crop industry, improving the construction of the management system of the tropical crop industry, promoting the ‘go global’ of the tropical crop enterprises, and upgrading of the industrial chain driven by scientific and technological innovation, we can reduce or avoid the impact of the international tropical agricultural market on the domestic market, the uncertainty of supply security and the threat of insufficient supply of scientific and technological innovation, and comprehensively improve the international competitiveness of China’s tropical crop industry.