中华绒螯蟹养殖环境汞的残留特征与风险评估

为了深入了解我国中华绒螯蟹池塘养殖环境中汞的残留特征以及风险评估,在江苏无锡采集7个中华绒鳌蟹养殖池塘水体和底泥样本共14份。利用液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(LC-ICP-MS)分析不同形态汞的残留水平,利用单因子法评估汞残留的风险。结果显示,水体中汞值范围为ND（未检出）~18.20 μg/L,主要以无机汞(Hg²⁺)为主,其他形式还包括甲基汞(MeHg)和乙基汞(EtHg);底泥环境中汞值范围为0.01~0.022 μg/g,其中无机汞含量减少,甲基汞含量增多。与NYT 5361—2016《无公害农产品 淡水养殖产地环境条件》比较发现,水体汞含量有5个超标,超标率为71.43%;底泥环境中汞含量有1个超标,超标率为14.29%。进一步研究水体无机汞残留对中华绒鳌蟹的生态风险,表明风险商范围为0~0.05,远低于1。说明水体汞残留并没有对中华绒鳌蟹的安全生长产生影响。养殖水体重金属汞的检测对中华绒螯蟹的健康生长,对食品安全具有重要意义。

Residue Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Mercury in Chinese Mitten Crab Culture Environment

To gain an in-depth understanding of the residue characteristics and risk assessment of mercury in the pond culture environment of Eriocheir sinensis, a total of 14 samples of water bodies and sediment from 7 Eriocheir sinensis aquaculture ponds were collected in Wuxi of Jiangsu. The residue levels of mercury in different forms were analyzed by liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS), and the risk of mercury residues was assessed by the single-factor method. The results showed that the mercury content in water bodies ranged from ND (not detected) to 18.20 μg/L, mainly inorganic mercury (Hg²⁺), and other forms included methylmercury (MeHg) and ethylmercury (EtHg). The mercury content in sediment environment ranged from 0.01 to 0.022 μg/g, in which the content of inorganic mercury decreased and the content of methyl mercury increased. Compared with NYT 5361-2016 Environmental Conditions of Pollution-Free Agricultural Products - Freshwater Aquaculture Origin, it was found that the mercury content in the water body exceeded the standard in 5 samples, and the exceeding rate was 71.43%; the mercury content in the sediment environment exceeded the standard in 1 sample, and the exceeding rate was 14.29%. Further research on the ecological risk of water inorganic mercury residues to Eriocheir sinensis showed that the risk quotient ranged from 0 to 0.05, far below 1, indicating that the mercury residues in the water body did not affect the safe growth of Eriocheir sinensis. The detection of heavy metal mercury in aquaculture water is of great significance to the healthy growth of Eriocheir sinensis and food safety.