再生稻气力式肥料集排装置的设计与试验

针对再生稻传统追肥作业中施肥量不均匀、肥料利用率低等问题，设计了一种气力式肥料集排装置。对影响施肥性能的主要因素进行四元二次回归正交旋转中心组合试验，以各行排肥量一致性变异系数作为评价指标建立回归模型，研究进肥角度、进肥高度、波纹管长度及排肥轴转速对各行排肥量一致性的影响。结果表明，影响此气力式肥料集排装置各行排肥量一致性变异系数的主要因素顺序为排肥轴转速>进肥角度>波纹管长度>进肥高度。采用Design-Expert10.0软件进行优化分析得出最佳的参数组合：进肥角度54°、进肥高度216 mm、波纹管长度200 mm、排肥轴转速47 r·min^-1，此时各行排肥量一致性变异系数为1.71%，施肥均匀性较好，能够满足再生稻追肥要求。

Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Fertilizer Collecting and Discharging Device for Ratooning Rice

To solve the problems of uneven fertilization and low utilization rate in traditional topdressing of ratooning rice， a pneumatic fertilizer collecting and discharging device was designed. In this study， the main factors affecting the fertilization performance were tested with the tool of quaternary quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination， and a regression model was established using the uniformity variation coefficient of each row’s fertilizer discharging volume as the evaluation index to study the of influence angle of the fertilizer inlet， height of the fertilizer inlet， length of the bellows and the speed of the fertilizer discharging shaft on the uniformity of fertilizer discharging in each row. The results showed that the main factors affecting the device’s uniformity variation coefficient of the fertilizer discharging volume were ranked with the speed of the fertilizer discharging shaft， the angle of the fertilizer inlet， the length of the bellows， the height of the fertilizer inlet. Using Design-Expert10.0 software， the optimal combination of the parameters was obtaing the angle of the fertilizer inlet was 54°， the height of the fertilizer inlet was 216 mm， the length of the bellows was 200 mm， the speed of the fertilizer discharging shaft was 47 r·min^-1. Under these conditions， the uniformity variation coefficient of the fertilizer discharging volume of each row is 1.71%， which could sufficiently meet the topdressing requirements of ratooning rice.