西瓜数量性状遗传距离及杂种优势分析

为研究西瓜数量性状的遗传距离和杂种优势，对8份西瓜亲本采用NC-Ⅱ设计配制16个杂交组合，对杂交组合的7个数量性状进行相关性分析、主成分分析和杂种优势研究。结果表明，坐果节位和单果重显著正相关，中心可溶固形物含量和边部可溶固形物含量极显著正相关。主蔓长度、坐果节位、单果重、果皮厚度、中心可溶固形物含量、边部可溶固形物含量和果形指数7个数量性状可以综合成为3个主成分，且3个主成分构成的信息量可以解释总信息量的87.3132%。8个亲本间遗传距离介于0.3315~1.5121之间，A02×B04组合的单果重中亲优势和超亲优势最为突出，分别达到42.47%和37.38%。

Genetic Distance and Heterosis of Quantitative Characters of Watermelon

The paper aims to investigate the genetic distance and heterosis of watermelon quantitative characters. 8 watermelon inbred lines were used to make 16 hybrids by NC-Ⅱ, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and heterosis analysis of 7 quantitative characters were conducted. The results showed that fruiting node was significantly and positively correlated with weight per fruit (a<0.05), and soluble solid content at center flesh was extremely significantly and positively correlated with soluble solid content near rind flesh (a<0.01). 7 quantitative characters, including main vine length, fruiting node, weight per fruit, fruit rind thickness, soluble solid content at center flesh, soluble solid content near rind flesh and fruit shape index, were consolidated into three principal components which accounted for 87.3132% of the total variation. The genetic distance of the 8 inbred lines was within 0.3315-1.5121. The intermediate-parent and super-parent heterosis of A02×B04 were better than those of other hybrids and could reach 42.47% and 37.38%, respectively.