基于灰水足迹不好产出的黄河流域农业用水效率评价

在水资源约束趋紧的背景下，本研究从灰水足迹角度出发，选取2013—2017年黄河流域农业的各项面板数据，运用动态超效率SBM模型对黄河流域农业用水效率进行测算，以第一产业就业人员、农业用水量、有效耕地灌溉面积和农业机械总动力为投入指标，以根据2013年为基期的物价指数调整后的农业总产值为期望产出及灰水足迹为非期望产出作为产出指标。通过SBM模型分析发现，黄河流域各省份农业灰水足迹的总量均在下降，且2015年后下降速率增加；黄河流域各省份农业用水效率按照是否大于1和是否大于0.5可分为3个梯队，除四川外，各省农业用水效率均在上升。因此，黄河流域需重视灰水足迹管理，从源头减少农业灰水足迹的产生；政府要不断加强在农业灌溉设施上的投入，提高节水灌溉技术；调整产业结构，提升农田灌溉水的利用率。

Evaluation of Agricultural Water Use Efficiency in the Yellow River Basin Based on Undesirable Output of Grey Water Footprint

Under the background of tighter water resource constraints, this paper selects various panel data of agriculture in the Yellow River Basin from 2013 to 2017 from the perspective of grey water footprint, calculates the agricultural water use efficiency of the Yellow River Basin by using the dynamic super efficiency SBM model, and takes the employment of the primary industry, agricultural water consumption, effective cultivated land irrigation area and total power of agricultural machinery as input indicators. Taking the total agricultural output value adjusted according to the price index in 2013 as the desirable output and the grey water footprint as the undesirable output as the output indexes, through the analysis of SBM model, it is found that the total amount of agricultural grey water footprint in all provinces of the Yellow River Basin is decreasing, and the decline rate is increasing after 2015. The agricultural water use efficiency of each province in the Yellow River basin can be divided into three echelons according to whether it is greater than 1 and whether it is greater than 0.5. Except Sichuan, the agricultural water use efficiency of other provinces is rising. Therefore, the Yellow River Basin should pay attention to the management of grey water footprint and reduce the agricultural grey water footprint from the source, and the government should continuously strengthen investment in agricultural irrigation facilities, upgrade water-saving irrigation technology, adjust the industrial structure and improve the utilization rate of farmland irrigation water.