棉花基因发掘与分子育种研究进展

棉花是世界上重要的天然纤维作物，也是我国重要的经济作物和纺织工业原料。生物技术育种是品种改良和种质创新的手段，具有广泛的应用前景。棉花基因组测序的完成有助于挖掘棉花重要性状基因，将分子育种技术与常规育种技术相结合，促进棉花育种的发展，选育出更具广阔市场前景的优良品种。总结了棉花种质鉴定、标记开发及基因发掘等研究进展，以期为相关技术创新、分子设计育种等提供参考，推动棉花生物技术育种的发展。

Research Progress on Cotton Gene Discovery and Molecular Breeding

Cotton is not only important natural fiber crop in the world， it is also one of the important cash crops and raw materials for textile industry in China. Biotechnology breeding is an mean for variety improvement and germplasm innovation， with wide application prospect. The completion of cotton genome assemblies is helpful to mine genes of cotton important traits， combine molecular breeding with conventional breeding technology， promote the advancement of cotton breeding and develop superior varieties with broad market prospects. This paper summarized the research progress of cotton germplasm identification， molecular marker development and gene discovery to provide references for related technological innovation and molecular design breeding， and promote the development of cotton biotechnology breeding for future efforts.