河南省潮土区土壤肥力现状分析

河南省为粮食主产区,潮土分布区域广、面积大,潮土区土壤肥力高低直接影响着粮食生产。基于2018年耕地质量调查,选择柘城县、滑县、睢县3个典型行政县域为研究区域,对潮土区土壤肥力现状进行了分析。研究结果显示：土壤pH、土壤有机质含量、全氮含量、有效磷含量、速效钾含量平均分别为8.2、17.4 g/kg、1.11 g/kg、21.1 mg/kg、141 mg/kg。采用K-均值聚类分析将土壤养分含量由高到低划分为四级;土壤有机质含量分级为>23.6、18.1~23.6、12.2~18.1、<12.2 g/kg,每一分级样本量所占比例分别为8.0%、37.1%、41.3%、13.6%;土壤全氮含量分级为>1.35、1.09~1.35、0.85~1.09、<0.85 g/kg,每一分级样本量所占样本量分别为18.4%、30.7%、35.7%、15.2%。土壤有效磷含量分级为>61.9、36.1~61.9、18.3~36.1、<18.3 mg/kg,每一分级样本量所占比例分别为2.7%、8.8%、32.0%、56.5%。土壤速效钾含量分级为>256、171~256、110~171、<110 mg/kg,每一分级样本量所占比例分别为6.4%、18.9%、38.4%、36.3%。主成分分析结果显示,土壤全氮、有机质、有效磷是影响潮土区土壤肥力变化的主要因子。

Current Situation of Soil Fertility in Fluvo-aquic Soil Region of Henan Province

In Henan Province, fluvo-aquic soil is the most widely distributed soil type with the largest area, and the main grain production area. Its fertility directly affects grain production. Based on the cultivated land quality survey in 2018, this study selected three counties of Zhecheng, Hua and Sui as the study area, and analyzed the current situation of fluvo-aquic soil fertility in the province. The results showed that the average values of soil pH, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content were 8.2, 17.4 g/kg, 1.11 g/kg, 21.1 mg/kg and 141 mg/kg, respectively. K-means clustering analysis was conducted to divide soil nutrients’ content into four grades. The soil organic matter content in grade 1 to 4 was >23.6, 18.1-23.6, 12.2-18.1 and <12.2 g/kg, and the proportion of each grade was 8.0%, 37.1%, 41.3% and 13.6%, respectively. The soil total nitrogen content in grade 1 to 4 was >1.35, 1.09-1.35, 0.85-1.09 and <0.85 g/kg, and the proportion of each grade was 18.4%, 30.7%, 35.7% and 15.2%, respectively. The soil available P content in grade 1 to 4 was>61.9, 36.1-61.9, 18.3-36.1 and <18.3 mg/kg, and the proportion of each grade was 2.7%, 8.8%, 32.0% and 56.5%, respectively. The soil available K content in grade 1 to 4 was>256, 171-256, 110-171 and <110 mg/kg, and the proportion of each grade was 6.4%, 18.9%, 38.4% and 36.3%, respectively. The results of principal component analysis showed that soil total nitrogen, organic matter and available phosphorus were the main factors affecting soil fertility in fluvo-aquic soil region.