植物生长调节剂对赤豆鼓粒期光合特性及氮代谢的影响

为探讨植物生长调节剂对赤豆(Vigna angularis)鼓粒期叶片光合特性及氮代谢的影响,进一步挖掘调节剂增产的作用机理,于2018和2019年进行田间试验,以龙垦2号赤豆为试验材料,在初花期叶面喷施浓度均为50 mg·L^-1的促进型调节剂2-N,N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯(DTA-6)和延缓型调节剂烯效唑(S3307),以喷施清水为对照(CK),研究植物生长调节剂对赤豆鼓粒期植株形态、光合参数、氮代谢相关指标以及产量的调控效应。结果表明,DTA-6和S3307增加了赤豆鼓粒期的单株干物质积累量。DTA-6处理的叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD)、蒸腾速率均优于S3307处理,DTA-6显著提高了可溶性糖含量,同时增加了赤豆株高;而S3307处理的叶片净光合速率显著高于DTA-6。两调节剂处理的叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)和谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性也显著提高,施用S3307显著提高了叶片硝酸还原酶(NR)活性,且对GDH活性的促进效果显著高于DTA-6处理。两调节剂均提高了赤豆叶片硝态氮含量和氮素积累量。DTA-6和S3307可不同程度地调控赤豆的产量构成因素,S3307主要促进花荚数增多,DTA-6主要提高单株粒数和单株粒重。综上,DTA-6和S3307通过提高赤豆鼓粒期叶片光合作用水平,可有效调控叶片氮代谢能力,进而促进赤豆的生长发育,显著提高产量。本研究结果为化控技术在农业生产上的推广应用提供了科学依据。

Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Nitrogen Metabolism of Adzuki Bean During Seed Filling Stage

This study aimed to explore effects of plant growth regulators on the photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen metabolism of adzuki bean leaves at the grain-blowing stage, and further explore the mechanism of the regulators for increasing yield. This study was conducted in 2018 and 2019, and the adzuki bean (LongKen 2) was selected as the test material. At the first flowering stage, with spraying 50 mg·L^-1 2-N,N-diethylaminoethylhexanoate (DTA-6) and 50 mg·L^-1 uniconazole (S3307) as test group, water was sprayed as the control (CK). The morphology, photosynthetic parameters, and nitrogen metabolism related indexes of adzuki bean at the bulging stage (R6) were determined. The results of this study showed that DTA-6 and S3307 increased the dry matter accumulation per plant in adzuki bean at the puffing stage. The SPAD and transpiration rates of leaves treated with DTA-6 were greater than those treated with S3307. DTA-6 significantly increased the soluble sugar content and increased the plant height of adzuki bean, while the net photosynthetic rate of leaves treated with S3307 was significantly higher than that of DTA-6. The activities of glutamine synthetase(GS), glutamate synthase(GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH) in the leaves of adzuki bean at the sprouting stage were also significantly increased. The application of S3307 significantly increased the nitrate reductase(NR) activity of the leaves, and the promotion effect of the GDH activity was also significantly higher than that of the DTA-6 treatment. The two regulators also increased the nitrate nitrogen content and nitrogen accumulation in adzuki bean leaves. DTA-6 and S3307 regulated the yield components of adzuki bean at different levels. S3307 mainly increased the number of flower and pod, while DTA-6 mainly increased the number of grains per plant and grain weight per plant. In conclusion, DTA-6 and S3307 can effectively regulate the nitrogen metabolism of leaves by improving the photosynthesis level of adzuki bean at the sprouting stage, thereby promoting the growth and development of adzuki bean, and significantly increasing the yield. The findings provided a scientific basis for the promotion and application of chemical control technology in agricultural production.