基于卫星船位数据的北太平洋作业渔船分布及类型研究

卫星数据可以准确获取实时船位，但不能直观反映渔船作业期间动态分布及其渔船类型。为了解北太平洋公海渔场分布及其渔船类型，基于2019年3—12月北太平洋渔船卫星数据及同期北太平洋围网渔船和鱿钓渔船的实际生产数据，采用局部空间自相关中的热点分析（hot spot analysis）方法，利用实际生产数据叠加验证，分析探讨渔船作业的动态分布变化及其识别情况。结果表明： 2019年北太平洋渔船作业主要分布于37°—44°N、154°—176°E；多数渔船在主要作业分布区域内先从西南移动至东北，再折返至西北，9月及之后再折返至西南方向；热点分布与实际鱿钓渔船作业点重叠率达83.7%，冷点分布与实际围网渔船作业点重叠率达78.1%。通过观察各月渔船分布整体轨迹变化，初判其热点分布应为鱿钓渔船，冷点分布应为围网渔船，但仍可运用其他技术手段或数据进一步验证及提高重叠率，如夜光遥感技术或结合渔船的水上移动业务标识码（maritime mobile service identifier，MMSI）对应验证渔船类型。该方法基于卫星渔船数据与生产数据直观展示渔船作业动态变化及两者重叠程度，可初步探索在研究区域中渔船的分布变动与渔船类型，为渔业可持续化管理提供了参考依据和相关方法。

Research on the distribution and Types of Fishing Vessels in the North Pacific Based on Satellite Ship Position Data

Satellite data can accurately obtain real-time vessel positions， but cann’t intuitively reflect the dynamic distribution of and type of fishing vessels during operation. In order to understand the distribution of fishing grounds and the types of fishing vessels in the high seas of the North Pacific Ocean， this article analyzed and discussed the dynamic distribution changes of fishing vessels operation and its identification based on the satellite data of fishing vessels in the North Pacific from March to December in 2019 and the actual production data of purse seiners and squid fishing vessels in the North Pacific during the same period， using hot spot analysis in local spatial autocorrelation method， using the actual production data to superimpose and verify. The results showed as follows： in 2019， fishing vessels operation in the North Pacific were mainly distributed in 37°—44°N， 154°—176°E； most fishing vessels first moved from southwest to northeast in the main operating distribution area， then turned back to northwest， and then turned back to southwest in September and later； the overlapping rate of hot spot distribution and actual squid fishing vessels operating point reached to 83.7%， the overlapping rate of the cold spot distribution and the actual purse seiner operating point was 78.1%. By observing the overall trajectory change of the distribution of fishing vessels in each month， it was initially judged that the distribution of hot spots should be squid fishing vessels， and the distribution of cold spots should be purse seine fishing vessels， but other technical means or data were still used to further verify and improve the overlap rate， such as the luminous remote sensing technology or combined with the maritime mobile service identifier （MMSI） of the fishing vessels correspond to the verification of the fishing vessels type. This paper proposed a method to visually display the dynamic changes of fishing vessels operation and the degree of their overlap rate based on satellite fishing vessels data and production data. This method preliminarily explored the distribution changes and types of fishing vessels in the study area， and provided reference basis and related methods for sustainable management of fisheries.