山东石榴品种对枝条干腐病的抗性评价及其病原菌鉴定

为明确山东省主要石榴品种对枝条干腐病的抗性及引起枝条干腐病的病原菌种类,本研究对山东省枣庄市的20个主要石榴品种进行田间抗性评价。通过组织分离法对病原菌进行分离,利用柯赫氏法则验证其致病性,并通过显微形态特征观察及分子生物学分析开展病原菌鉴定。结合形态学、致病性测定和分子生物学分析结果,将石榴枝条干腐病病原菌鉴定为单间座壳菌(Diaporthe eres)。抗性评价结果显示,白皮酸、碧榴表现为近免疫;大青皮、秋艳、岗榴1号、大马牙、峄城三白、冰糖籽、黑美人表现为抗病;枣庄玛瑙、墨石榴、九洲红、青皮软籽、黄金榴、枣庄软仁表现为中抗;冠榴、谢花甜、红皮马牙表现为感病;大红袍和泰山红表现为高感。筛选得到的近免疫、抗病品种可作为石榴抗性育种和种质资源改良提供研究材料。本研究结果为山东石榴枝条干腐病的抗病机理研究和系统性防控提供了参考。

Resistance Evaluation of Pomegranate Varieties and Identification of Pathogenic Fungi Causing Pomegranate Branch Rot in Shandong Province

In order to screen the pomegranate varieties resistant to branch rot and to identify the disease-causing pathogen, the resistance evaluation of 20 main pomegranate varieties from Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province was conducted. The pathogens were isolated using a tissue isolation method and chatacterized based on the morphology, pathogenicity testing, and the molecular approaches. With the combination of morphological observation, molecular biology and pathogenicity testing evidences, the pathogens causing pomegranate branch rot were identified as Diaporthe eres. The pomegranate cultivar Baipisuan and Biliu were near-immune; Daqingpi, Qiuyan, GangliuⅠ,Damaya,Yichengsanbai, Bingtangzi and Heimeiren were resistant; Zaozhuangmanao, Moshiliu, Jiuzhouhong, Qingpiruanzi, Zaozhuangruanren andHuangjinliu were intermediate resistant; Guanliu, Xiehuatian and Hongpimaya were susceptible; while Dahongpao and Taishanhong were highly susceptible to D. eres infection. These near-immune and resistant pomegranate varieties can be used for breeding of new resistant pomegranate cultivars and the improvement of pomegranate germplasm resource in future. In summary, this study provides a clue for the understanding of disease resistance mechanism in pomegranate and lays a basis for systematic control of pomegranate branch rot in Shandong Province.