基于分期播种的庆阳市春玉米气候资源及其影响分析

为了研究气候变化对庆阳春玉米生长发育的影响,利用有利播种时期,避开灾害危害,充分利用气候资源,2018—2020年在西峰区良种场,以‘陇单339’、‘大民3307’、‘龙生5号’为材料,划分为4个播期（4月12日、4月22日、5月2日及5月12日）进行分期播种试验,通过田间调查以及气象数据观测的方法,获得各发育期、生长状况、生长量、气象要素等数据。结果表明：推迟播期,‘陇单339’、‘大民3307’、‘龙生5号’分别缩短了17、17、11天。抽雄-乳熟期叶面积指数达到最大,且品种间差异明显,‘陇单339’的叶面积指数最大,‘龙生5号’次之,‘大民3307’最小。在适宜期或适当早播的玉米干物质积累的较多。随着播期的推迟,玉米生长期缩短,干物质积累不足,影响产量形成。因此,要因地、因气候制宜,适当早播,以适应气候变化的影响,并避开伏期干旱危害,提高玉米产量,确保粮食生产安全,为发挥资源禀赋及乡村振兴提供科学依据。

Climatic Resource and Its Impact on Spring Maize in Qingyang City: Analysis Based on Sowing by Stages

In order to study the influence of climate change on the growth and development of spring maize in Qingyang City, and take full advantage of favorable sowing time and climate resources to avoid disasters, ‘Longdan 339’, ‘Damin 3307’ and ‘Longsheng 5’ were taken as materials in Xifeng District Seed-multiplication Farm from 2018 to 2020 to conduct the experiment. Four sowing dates (April 12, April 22, May 2 and May 12) were designed for sowing by stages. By means of field investigation and meteorological data observation, the data related to the growth and development period, growth status, growth amount and meteorological elements were obtained. The results showed that when the sowing time was delayed, the growth period of ‘Longdan 339’, ‘Damin 3307’ and ‘Longsheng 5’ were shortened by 17, 17 and 11 days, respectively. The leaf area index reached the maximum during the heading to milk ripening stage, and there was significant difference among the varieties. Among them, the leaf area index of ‘Longdan 339’ was the largest, that of ‘Longsheng 5’ ranked the second, and that of ‘Damin 3307’ was the smallest. The dry matter accumulation was more in maize with suitable sowing time or by appropriately earlier sowing. With the postponing of the sowing date, the growth period of maize was shortened and the dry matter accumulation was insufficient, which could affect the yield formation. Therefore, it is necessary to adapt to local conditions and climate, and take proper early sowing to cope with the impact of climate change, so as to avoid the harm of drought in summer, increase the yield, ensure food production safety, and provide a scientific basis for exerting resource endowment and rural revitalization.