荧光粉激发型远红光LED植物灯对番茄生长的影响研究

为探究远红光对植物生长的影响,采用“燃烧法+高温二次烧结”的方法制备了ZnGa₂O₄:Cr³⁺,Ge⁴⁺,Li⁺(ZGO:Cr³⁺,Ge⁴⁺,Li⁺)荧光粉,将自制的荧光粉材料涂覆在410 nm的蓝紫光LED芯片上,封装成发射主峰位于710 nm左右的LED远红光器件,并进一步组装成LED植物生长灯作为直接光源。以番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)品种红矮生为试材,白光(W)为对照(CK),设置3个处理:T1:红蓝组合光(1R1B)加远红光(光质比为3:1);T2:红蓝组合光(1R1B);T3:白光加远红光(光质比为3:1),研究红蓝组合光(1R1B)和远红光对番茄生理周期、农艺性状、光合色素和番茄果实主要品质的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,T1处理可显著缩短番茄生理周期,T1、T2和T3处理对番茄农艺性状中的株高有抑制作用。添加远红光降低了光合色素的含量,但提高了番茄果实中可溶性糖、番茄红素和维生素C的含量,特别是在红蓝组合光与远红光的共同作用下,可溶性糖含量提高效果最明显,达到CK的3.3倍。添加远红光能够促进维生素C和番茄红素含量增加;红蓝组合光则有利于番茄红素的积累。综上,采用ZGO:Cr³⁺,Ge⁴⁺,Li⁺远红光荧光粉激发型LED植物灯能调控番茄开花时间,缩短其生理周期,提高番茄果实品质。本研究结果为提高番茄以及其他园艺作物的品质提供了一种新的光照手段,具有广阔的应用前景。

Effect of Phosphor Stimulated Far-red LED Plant Lamp on Tomato Growth

In order to explore effect of far-red light on plant growth, ZnGa₂O₄:Cr³⁺, Ge⁴⁺, Li⁺ phosphors were prepared by “combustion method + high temperature secondary sintering”. The phosphors were encapsulated into LED plant growth lamp as direct light source. The LED chip emits near ultraviolet light of 410 nm into far-red light with a peak wavelength of 710 nm. Taking tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)variety Red Dwarf as test material and white light (W) as control (CK), three treatment groups were set as follows: T1: red and blue combined light (1R1B) plus far-red light (light quality ratio 3:1); T2: red-blue combined light (1R1B); T3: white light plus far-red light (light quality ratio 3:1). The effects of red and blue combined light (1R1B) and far red light on physiological cycle, agronomic traits, photosynthetic pigments and fruit quality of tomato were studied. The results showed that compared with CK, T1 treatment could significantly shorten the physiological cycle of tomato, while T1, T2 and T3 treatments could inhibit plant height of tomato. Adding far-red light decreased the content of photosynthetic pigments, but increased the content of soluble sugars, lycopene and vitamin C in tomato fruits. Especially under the combined effect of red and blue light and far-red light, the soluble sugar content increased most obviously, reaching 3.3 times of CK. The addition of far red light can promote the increase of vitamin C and lycopene content; the combination of red and blue light was beneficial to the accumulation of lycopene. In conclusion, ZnGa₂O₄:Cr³⁺, Ge⁴⁺, Li⁺ far-red phosphor stimulated LED plant lamp could regulate tomato flowering time, shorten its physiological cycle, and increase the fruit quality. The findings of this study provided a new light method for improving the quality of tomatoes and other horticultural crops, which has brod application prospects.