红叶葡萄品种叶片花色苷种类的鉴定与分析

为解决葡萄园中由葡萄修剪产生的大量叶片残留问题,提高修剪产生的叶片的利用价值,本试验以8612、玫瑰香、红鸡心3个红叶葡萄品种和葡萄园皇后、玫瑰露、秋红3个绿叶葡萄品种不同发育时期的叶片为研究对象,利用MATLAB软件对整张叶片的图像数据进行提取,计算色差值;利用超高效液相-质谱法(LC-MS)检测花色苷的成分和含量,探讨不同发育时期叶片中花色苷不同组分的变化规律。结果表明,不同发育时期的红色和绿色叶片色差指数L^*、a^*、b^*变化趋势明显不同,共检测到18种花色苷组分,包括花青素类(4种)、甲基花青素类(4种)、花翠素类(4种)、甲基花翠素类(2种)和二甲基花翠素类(4种)。以上5类花色苷在红色叶片中均被检测到,绿叶品种中未发现花翠素类和甲基花翠素类花色苷。花色苷定量结果显示,红色叶片不同发育时期花色苷含量为123.468~855.001 mg·100g^-1,绿色叶片花色苷含量为4.407~44.517 mg·100g^-1。甲基化类花色苷占比随叶片发育均逐渐增大。花色苷酰化修饰类型分析结果发现,香豆酰化类型花色苷含量高于其他酰化类型花色苷,在花色苷总含量中所占比例较高,而阿魏酰化和糖酰化类花色苷含量非常少。色差和不同类型花色苷成分的相关性分析结果表明,红色叶片的色差指数与更多类型的花色苷含量存在相关关系。红色葡萄叶片中花色苷种类丰富、含量较高,是花色苷类化合物的潜在来源,具有很大的利用价值。本研究通过对叶片中花色苷成分和含量进行了详细调查,为今后葡萄园中叶片的加工再利用提供了依据。

Identification and Analysis of Leaf Anthocyanin in Red-leaved Grape Cultivars

To utilize the large amount of leaf residues produced by grape pruning in vineyards, leaves of three red-leaved grape cultivars, 8612, Muscat Hamburg and Hongjixin, and three green-leaved grape cultivars, Queen of vineyard, Meigulu and Qiuhong, at different developmental stages were used as materials of this study. MATLAB software was used to extract the data of the entire leaf and calculated chromatic aberration. Subsequently, the composition and content of anthocyanins were identified by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to investigate the changes of different components of anthocyanins in leaves at different developmental stages. The changes of the chromatic aberration index L^*, a^*, and b^* of red and green leaves at different developmental stages were different. Aggregation of 18 anthocyanin compositions was identified in grape leaves by using LC-MS including four cyanidin derivatives, four peonidin derivatives, four delphinidin derivatives, two petunidin derivatives, and four malvidin derivatives. All of the five types of anthocyanin derivatives were identified in red-leaf grape cultivars. However, the delphinidin and petunidin types of anthocyanin derivatives were not identified in green leaf grape cultivars. The anthocyanin content of red leaves at different developmental stages was in the range of 123.468~855.001 mg·100g^-1, and the anthocyanin content of green leaves was ranged from 4.407 to 44.517 mg·100g^-1. Classified based on methylation and unmethylation, the proportion of methylated anthocyanins gradually increased with the leaf development stage. The correlation analysis and types of anthocyanin acylation modification were found, that the contents of p-coumaroyled anthocyanin were higher than that of other anthocyanins, which accounted for a higher proportion of the total anthocyanin contents. In contrast, the content of feruloyl and glucosyl anthocyanins was lower. These correlation analyses between chromatic aberration and different types of anthocyanin components showed that the correlation between chromatic aberration and the content of various anthocyanins was significant in red leaf grapes. The anthocyanins in red leaf grape cultivars were much higher in types and contents, which could be served as a potential source of anthocyanin compounds with high value. Through the detailed investigation of anthocyanin component and content in leaves, our study provides a data basis for the utilization of leaves in vineyards.