遮阴对‘佛手’茶树生长及品质的影响

为解决夏暑茶叶苦涩感强、综合品质差等问题,设置80%、60%、50%遮阴和未遮阴4个处理,其中未遮阴为对照,分析不同遮阴处理下‘佛手’茶树新梢农艺性状、新梢内含成分及成茶感官品质。研究发现,遮阴处理可使新梢叶色变绿、叶质变软,叶面积增大5.25~8.17 cm²,百芽重增加32.04~60.32 g、新梢含水量增加1.27~3.94个百分点;使新梢叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素、水浸出物、咖啡碱、氨基酸含量分别提高0.61~0.95、0.29~0.6、0.9~1.55、1.21~4.37、0.13~0.45、0.66~1.14个百分点;茶多酚含量、酚氨比、叶绿素a/b分别下降3.73~5.5个百分点、5.77~8.1、0.22~0.58;成茶感官品质评分增加5.55~16.4分。遮阴可明显促进‘佛手’茶树生长,改善新梢生化品质及感官品质,其中以80%遮阴综合改善效果最佳,感官评分达91.75。

Effects of Shading Treatments on the Growth and Quality of Camellia sinensis ‘Foshou’

In order to solve the problems of strong bitterness and poor comprehensive quality of tea in summer, four treatments (80%, 60% and 50% shading and non-shading) were set, among which, non-shading was used as control (CK), the agronomic characters and components of new shoots and sensory quality of tea under different shading treatments were analyzed. It was found that shading treatments could make the leaves of new shoots turn green and soft, and increase the leaf area by 5.25-8.17 cm², the hundred-bud weight by 32.04-60.32 g and the water content of new shoots by 1.27-3.94 percentage points. The content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, water extract, caffeine and amino acid in new shoots increased by 0.61-0.95, 0.29-0.6, 0.9-1.55, 1.21-4.37, 0.13-0.45 and 0.66-1.14 percentage points, respectively. The tea polyphenol content, phenol-ammonia ratio and chlorophyll a/b decreased by 3.73-5.5 percentage points, 5.77-8.1 and 0.22-0.58, respectively; the sensory quality score of tea increased by 5.55-16.4 points. Shading can obviously promote the growth of Camellia sinensis ‘Foshou’, and improve the biochemical quality of new shoots and sensory quality of tea, and 80% shading has the best comprehensive improvement effect and the tea sensory score can reach 91.75.