不同比例有机无机肥配施对水稻产量与氮素利用率的影响

探讨中药渣有机肥氮替代化肥氮不同比例对水稻生长发育、水稻产量及氮肥利用的影响,以期为水稻提质增效和实现有机废弃物的资源化利用提供新思路。在总施氮量不变的情况下,以中药渣有机肥为供试材料,设置不施肥对照(CK)和有机肥氮替代化肥氮0%、25%、50%、75%、100% 6个处理,研究有机肥氮替代化肥氮不同比例对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响。试验结果表明,在等氮量下以合理比例有机肥氮替代化肥氮有利于提高结实率、增加有效穗数。25%有机肥替代化肥增产最高,比单施化肥增产9.06%。本试验条件下,回归计算有机肥氮部分替代化肥氮比例为35.3%,产量可达到9057 kg/hm²,有机氮替代比例能显著提高水稻的生长和氮肥利用率。在农业生产实际中,等氮量替代条件下有机肥施用比例25%~35%是较理想的施肥比例。

Combined Application of Different Proportions of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers: Effects on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

The study aims to explore the effects of different proportions of organic fertilizer nitrogen in traditional Chinese medicine residue replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen on rice growth and development, yield and nitrogen utilization, and to provide new approaches for improving the quality and efficiency of rice production and realizing the resource utilization of organic waste. Under the same total nitrogen application amount, taking the organic fertilizer made by traditional Chinese medicine residues as the test material, six treatments were set: no fertilization (CK), organic fertilizer nitrogen replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen by 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The effects of different proportions of organic fertilizer nitrogen replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency were studied. The results showed that under the same amount of nitrogen application, replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen with a reasonable proportion of organic fertilizer nitrogen was beneficial to improving the seed setting rate, followed by increasing the number of effective panicles. The substitution of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer by 25% achieved the highest yield increase, and the yield was 9.06% higher than that of single application of chemical fertilizer. Under this experimental condition, the proportion of partial substitution of organic fertilizer nitrogen for chemical fertilizer nitrogen was 35.3%, and the yield could reach 9057 kg/hm². The proportion of organic fertilizer nitrogen substitution could significantly improve the growth and nitrogen use efficiency of rice. In agricultural production, 25%-35% of organic fertilizer is an ideal fertilization proportion under the condition of equal nitrogen substitution.