生物-化学联用对钾长石的活化效果及其肥效

采用解钾菌和活化剂联用技术，研究不同用量活化剂和处理方式对钾长石的活化效果，通过X射线衍射和玉米盆栽试验探究生物-化学联用的活化机理及其肥效。结果表明，不同解钾菌（YC602、YC605和YC606）与活化剂QN联用对钾长石中水溶性钾和有效钾的释放均有效果，YC602提升效果最佳。选定YC602与QN进行优化试验，其中T1处理（5%QN+100℃烘干+YC602）和T3处理（3%QN+水浸泡+200℃烘干+YC602）活化效果较好，提高活化剂用量有利于水溶性钾和有效钾的释放。培养时间对于有效钾的释放影响不大，而水溶性钾含量以培养24 h效果最佳。盆栽试验结果表明，减少50%氯化钾施用的条件下，联用技术T2A处理组可有效促进玉米生长。淋溶试验表明，联用技术可有效减少钾素淋溶流失，肥效较持久。联用活化技术在常温常压条件下就可提高钾长石的有效性，明显降低活化成本，并可大幅减少氯化钾用量，具有减量增效和绿色环保的优势。

Activating Effect and Fertilizer Efficiency of Bio-chemical Combination on Potassium Feldspar

The activation effect of potassium feldspar （K-feldspar） with different dosage and treatment methods were studied by using potassium-solubilizing bacteria （KSB） and activator. The activation mechanism and fertilizer efficiency of biological-chemical combination were explored by X-ray diffraction and corn pot experiment. Different KSB （YC602， YC605 and YC606） combined with activator QN could release water-soluble potassium and available potassium from K-feldspar， and YC602 had the best enhancing effect. YC602 and QN were selected for optimization test， T1 （5%QN+drying at 100 ℃+YC602） and T3 （3%QN+ soaking in water+drying at 200 ℃+YC602） had better activation. Increasing the dosage of activator was beneficial for releasing of water soluble potassium and available potassium.Culture time had little effect on the release of available potassium， while the amount of water-soluble potassium was the best for 24 h. The pot experiment showed that T2A treatment group could effectively promote the growth of maize under the condition of reducing 50% potassium chloride application. Leaching experiment showed that combined technology could effectively reduce the leaching loss of potassium， and the long-lasting fertilizer efficiency. Therefore， bio-chemical combined technology could improve the effectiveness of K-feldspar at normal temperature and pressure， significantly reduce the activation cost， and greatly reduce the potassium chloride consumption， which had the advantages of reduction， efficiency and environmental protection.