覆土材料对灵芝产量与品质的影响

通过研究覆土材料对灵芝产量与品质的影响,为灵芝栽培技术和药用研究的发展提供理论依据。选择陶瓷土、蛭石、菜园土、沙壤土、泥炭土作为覆土材料,以未覆土栽培灵芝为对照,以子实体产量、多糖含量、三萜含量、水提物抗氧化活性以及铅、镉、砷、汞4种重金属含量为指标进行综合分析,筛选最佳覆土材料。覆土栽培显著提高灵芝产量,不同覆土材料栽培灵芝产量差异不显著,用蛭石作覆土材料的产量最高（136.67 g/袋）,比对照提高了32.32%。泥炭土作覆土材料的灵芝多糖含量最高(6.72 mg/g),是未覆土栽培灵芝的1.54倍。覆土材料为沙壤土时三萜含量最高(6.67 mg/g),是对照的1.25倍。抗氧化活性结果显示,沙壤土、陶瓷土、蛭石栽培子实体的水提物对DPPH自由基清除率最高。不同覆土材料栽培灵芝重金属含量有差异,但均低于国家标准,达到安全水平。综上,沙壤土、蛭石、泥炭土可作为灵芝栽培的覆土材料。

Effect of Casing Soils on the Yield and Quality of Ganoderma lingzhi

The effects of casing soils on the yield and quality of Ganoderma lingzhi were studied to provide a theoretical basis for the development of cultivation techniques and medicinal research of G. lingzhi. Ceramic soil, vermiculite, garden soil, sandy loam and peat soil were selected as casing soils, and without casing soil was used as control. The fruiting body yield, polysaccharide content, triterpenoid content, antioxidant activity of water extract and four heavy metal contents (lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury) were determined as indicators for comprehensive analysis to screen the best casing soil. The yield of G. lingzhi was significantly increased by casing soil cultivation, but there was no significant difference among different casing soils. When vermiculite was used, the highest yield was achieved as 136.67 g/bag, which was 32.32% higher than that of the control. The highest polysaccharide content of G. lingzhi cultivated in peat soil was 6.72 mg/g, which was 1.54 times as much as that of cultivated without casing soil. When sandy loam soil was used as casing soil material, the content of triterpenoids was the highest (6.67 mg/g), which was 1.25 times that of the control. The results of antioxidant activity showed that sandy loam, ceramic soil and vermiculite cultivated G. lingzhi had the highest scavenging rate of DPPH free radical. The contents of heavy metals in G. lingzhi cultivated with different casing soil materials were different, but they were all lower than the national standard and reached the safe level. Among these casing soils, sandy loam, vermiculite and peat soil could be selected for G. lingzhi cultivation.