新疆棉花植棉比较效益分析

目的]研究新疆棉花植棉比较效益的变化.方法]1981年至2009年近30年间相关资料汇编及年鉴.结果]近30年间新疆棉花与小麦、棉花与玉米、棉花与(小麦+玉米)的整体平均净产值和减税纯收益均呈下降趋势,尤其是近5年棉花植棉效益下降明显(2010年除外).造成植棉比较效益下降的主要原因有:棉花市场价格波动、植棉成本上升、产量徘徊、植棉环境的制约和扶持政策少；尤其是近年来劳动力成本的大幅上升使棉花比较效益优势明显降低,直接影响着新疆棉花的竞争力和棉农增收.结论]从政策、市场、科技、投入等方面全面提升新疆棉花植棉比较效益,对提高新疆棉花产量和劳动生产率、降低成本、实现品种、技术和环境的高效统一,以及新疆棉花可持续发展,提高植棉效益和全面均衡增产,促进棉农节本增收和保护环境都具有重要的现实意义.

Innovation of Science & Technology,and Ascension of Planting Cotton Comparative Benefit in Xinjiang

【objective and method】The research on planting cotton comparative benefit in Xinjiang shows that the overall average net production value and tax net income of cotton and wheat,cotton and corn,cotton and(wheat and corn) in the past 30 years from 1981 to 2009 is in a declining trend.【Result】The year 2010 is an exception.The change was even more notable in the recent five years.Many causes were responsible for the changes,such as the fluctuations in market prices of cotton,cotton costs,yields hovering,environmental constraints and the reducing cotton support policies;In particular,labor costs increased substantially in recent years,so the comparative benefits of cotton advantage significantly reduced,which directly impacts on cotton competitiveness and the income of cotton farmers.【Conclusion】The overall ascension of planting cotton comparative benefit from policy,market,science and technology and investment will certainly contribute to the enhancement of cotton production and labor productivity,and the reduction of the planting cotton cost in Xinjiang,thus making the breed,technology environment efficiently combined.It is of great practical significance for sustainable development of cotton in Xinjiang to enhance the cotton benefit,comprehensive and balanced production,overall-control pests and above all,the cotton farmers' income,and for protecting our environment.