我国马铃薯甲虫生物防治技术研究进展

[目的]为我国马铃薯甲虫生物防治技术的研究和应用提供依据.[方法]回顾和总结近年来我国在马铃薯甲虫生物防治技术研究与应用取得的主要成果.[结果]筛选了2.5;菜喜、48;催杀(多杀菌素)、70;艾美乐等多种高效生物制剂,药后20 d防效可达90;以上.对马铃薯甲虫生防资源研究表明在发生区捕食性天敌有46种,其中中华草蛉、蓝蝽、蜀敌蝽、多异瓢虫等是主要捕食性天敌；分离鉴定的主要病原微生物为球孢白僵菌,广泛分布于发生区；研制出300×108活孢/g的白僵菌可湿性粉剂和100×108/g白僵菌油悬浮剂田间综合防效约80;；研制出马铃薯甲虫的工程菌制剂喷施80g/667 m2药后20 d田间防效达90;.在寄主植物中发现了具有高度引诱活性物,人工合成了马铃薯甲虫聚集素,植物引诱剂与聚集素混合后田间诱杀效果达83.33; ～88.33;.在国内外首次发掘了与马铃薯甲虫保幼激素合成相关的致死基因,利用RNA干扰技术研究开发出了具有高效、低毒、专一性强的胃毒剂.构建了含cry1 Ba3携带基因的单价植物表达载体和cry3A+ vhb(透明颤菌血红蛋白)的双价植物表达载体,转Bt抗虫基因的马铃薯植株经室内生物测定和田间释放,均表现出极高的抗虫活性和优异农艺性状,可作为抗虫的育种材料.[结论]近年来取得的多项新型生物防治技术和产品具有较强的先进性和实用性,不仅可有效控制马铃薯甲虫危害,对马铃薯甲虫抗药性治理也具有重要意义.

Progress in Biological Control Techniques of Colorado Potato Beetle in China

【Objective and Method】By reviewing and summarizing the study progress in biological control of Colorado potato beetle in China in recent years,the adequate evidence and reference were provided about that area.【Result】Various chemicals originated from biological resource have been selected,whose effect against CPB could reach as high as 90.0% at the time of 20 d after being used.In accordance with survey which was made in the northern part of Xinjiang,China,there were 46 sorts of predator of CPB and the main entomogenous fungi of CPB was Beauveria bassina which was distributed widely in occurrence area of CPB in China.The enterprise standard has been registered in which 30 billion spores per gram WP and 10 billion spores per gram OF against CPB have been developed.The result of field trial showed that effect could reach about 80 %.Several plant volatiles and aggregation pheromone were discovered,in which the addition of aggregation pheromone to the three-component blend increased the attraction percentage of both male(88.33%) and female beetles(83.33%).The breakthrough of application of RNA interference techniques has been achieved.The RNAi which is related with juvenile hormone biosynthesis and metabolism gene has been discovered for the first time all over the world.A great amount of dsRNA derived from 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase,mevalonate kinase,adenosylhomocysteinase,juvenile hormone esterase in L.decemlineata was obtained.Bacteria liquids contained adenosylhomocysteinase dsRNA showed lethal effect to the larvae when orally administrated to 2nd-instar larvae.The conclusion of the study made it possibility to develop the genes insecticide with RNAi.The cry3A gene and both cry3A and vhb genes the transgenic potato plants were constructed.These results of field trial and laboratory bioassay indicated that was a high insect-resistant transgenic line with elite agronomic traits,and could be used as germplasm to produce the novel insect-resistant cultivars.【Conclusion】Because of their characteristics such as no pollution,the practicality and the advanced character etc.,the new type biological control techniques could substitute for the chemical methods,which could not only well control the CPB but also have much more significance in resistance management.