Droplet deposition and control effect of insecticides sprayed with an unmanned aerial vehicle against plant hoppers |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;2. Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China;1. Universitat de Lleida–Agrotecnio Center, RG in AgroICT & Precision Agriculture, Avenida Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain;2. Dow AgroSciences Ibérica S.A., C/ Ribera de Loira 4-6, 28042 Madrid, Spain;3. Centro de Agroingeniería, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Ctra. CV-315, Km 10.7, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain;1. Unité Mixte de Recherche Information & Technologies for AgroProcess, IRSTEA, 361 rue Jean-François Breton, BP 9505, F-34196 Montpellier Cedex, France;2. Montpellier SupAgro, 2 place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France;1. Nanjing Research Institute for Agriculture Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China;2. College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China;3. USDA-ARS-SPARC-AATRU, TX 77845, USA;1. College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;2. National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology, Guangzhou 510642,China;3. Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, United States;1. The University of Queensland, Gatton 4343, Queensland, Australia;2. São Paulo State University - FCA, Department of Rural Engineering, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil;3. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte 69101, NE, USA;4. Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia;1. Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;2. National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China;3. National Center for International Research on Agricultural Aerial Application Technology, Beijing 100097, China;4. Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;5. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Crop Production Systems Research Unit, PO Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA;6. Centre for Pesticide Application and Safety, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia |
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| Abstract: | A small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that can spray pesticide with high efficiency and with no damage to crops is required for the timely and effective spraying of small fields and/or those in hilly mountains. The current study aimed to illuminate the influence of spraying parameters, such as operation height and operation velocity, of the UAV on droplet deposition on the rice canopy and protection efficacy against plant hoppers. Droplets of 480 g l−1 chlorpyrifos·(Regent EC) (at a dose of 432 g a.i. ha−1, spray volume rate of approximately 15 l ha−1) were collected using water-sensitive paper, and the coverage rates of the droplets on the rice canopy and lower layer were statistically analyzed. The deposition and distribution of droplets in the late stage of rice growth were closely related to the operational height and velocity of crop spraying as executed by the UAV, further affecting insect control. The spraying parameters for preventing plant hoppers were then optimized. When the spraying height was 1.5 m and the spraying velocity 5 m s−1, the droplet deposition in the lower layer was maximized, and the droplets exhibited the most uniform distribution (CV = 23%). The insecticidal efficacy was 92%–74% from 3 to 10 days after spraying insecticide. Both the insecticidal efficacy and the persistence period were greater than those achieved with a hand lance operated from a stretcher-mounted sprayer (at dose of 432 g a.i. ha−1, spray volume rate of approximately 750 l ha−1), especially on the 5th day, indicating that UAV had a low-volume and highly concentrated spray pattern to enhance the duration of efficacy. This work offers a basis for the optimized design, improved performance, and rational application of UAV. |
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| Keywords: | Unmanned aerial vehicle Spraying pesticide Parameter optimization Droplets deposition Plant hopper Control effect |
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