Evaluation of soil applied systemic acquired resistance inducers integrated with copper bactericide sprays for control of citrus canker on bearing grapefruit trees |
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| Institution: | 1. Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA;2. Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA;3. Department of Pediatrics, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA;4. Infectious Disease, Drug Discovery, Glaxo Smith Kline, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA;1. Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile;2. Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Col. Noria Alta, C.P. 36050 Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico;3. Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile;4. Millennium Nucleus for Fungal Integrative and Synthetic Biology (FISB), Chile;1. Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China;2. Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;3. School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;4. Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Hospital of Beijing Military Region, Beijing 100700, China;1. Department of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands;2. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, The Netherlands;1. North Carolina State University, National Science Foundation Center for Integrated Pest Management, 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 110, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA;2. Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA |
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| Abstract: | Soil application of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides and the commercial systemic acquired resistance (SAR) inducer, acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), provides season-long control of foliar infection by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, the causal agent of citrus canker. Reduction in leaf disease incidence with ASM is comparable to protection with 21-day interval foliar sprays of copper hydroxide (CH). Soil applications of ASM alone, rotated with the neonicotinoids imidacloprid (IMID), thiamethoxam (THIA), and clothianidin (CLOTH), or combined with foliar sprays of CH were compared for canker disease control on fruit of 5- to 7-year-old bearing ‘Ruby Red’ grapefruit trees in Southeast Florida. All treatments significantly reduced the incidence of canker lesions on fruit compared to the untreated check. Soil drenches of ASM and season-long rotations with IMID, THIA, and CLOTH were as effective for suppressing fruit canker as season-long foliar sprays with CH. SAR inducers combined with CH sprays provided optimum control of fruit canker when initiated before the onset of the susceptible foliar flush in the spring. Additional control of canker with soil-applied SAR inducers may enable reduction in the frequency of copper sprays and reduce disease loss from copper resistant Xcc strains where they are prevalent. |
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| Keywords: | Fruit disease control Copper bactericide SAR inducers Neonicotinoid insecticides Acibenzolar-S-methyl Systemic activity for disease control |
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