Performance evaluation of four different methods for circulating water in commercial-scale,split-pond aquaculture systems |
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| Institution: | 1. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Warmwater Aquaculture Research Unit, 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA;2. Mississippi State University, Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, 127 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, 38776, USA;1. Gesellschaft für Marine Aquakultur, Hafentörn 3, 25761 Büsum, Germany;2. Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Marine Aquaculture, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany;1. Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Department, United States Naval Academy, 590 Holloway Rd., Annapolis, MD, 21402, USA;2. Oceanography Department, United States Naval Academy, 572C Holloway Rd., Annapolis, MD, 21402, USA;3. Mechanical Engineering Department, United States Naval Academy, 590Holloway Rd. Annapolis, MD, 21402, USA;4. Hydromechanics Laboratory, United States Naval Academy, 590Holloway Rd. Annapolis, MD, 21402, USA;1. School of Engineering, University of Guelph 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Canada;2. FloNergia Inc., 994 Zelco Dr, Burlington, Canada;1. Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;2. Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia;1. Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at Florida Atlantic University, Aquaculture and Stock Enhancement, 5600 U.S. 1 North, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA;2. USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Systems, 5600 U.S. 1 North, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA;3. S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, Leetown Science Center, USGS, One Migratory Way, Turner Falls, MA 01376, USA;1. Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA;2. US Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA;3. US Geological Survey, S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, Turners Falls, MA, 01376-0796, USA;4. Freshwater Institute, Shepherdstown, WV, 25443, USA |
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| Abstract: | Split-pond aquaculture systems are being implemented by United States (US) catfish farmers as a way to improve production performance. The split-pond consists of a fish-culture basin that is connected to a waste-treatment lagoon by two water conveyance structures. Water is circulated between the two basins with high-volume pumps (water circulators) and many different units are being used on commercial farms. In this study circulator performance was evaluated with four different circulating systems. Rotational speeds ranged from 0.5 to 3.5 rpm for a twin, slow rotating paddlewheel; 12.5 to 56.5 rpm for a paddlewheel aerator; 60 to 240 rpm for a high-speed screw pump; and 150 to 600 rpm for an axial-flow pump. Water flow rates ranged from 8.6 to 77.6 m3/min and increased with increasing rotational speed. Power input varied directly with flow rate and ranged from 0.24 to 13.43 kW for all four circulators. Water discharge per unit power input (i.e., efficiency) ranged from 3.5 to 70.9 m3 min−1 kW−1 for the circulators tested. In general, efficiency decreased as water flow rate increased. Initial investment cost for each circulator and complete circulating system ranged from US $5850 to $22,900, and $15,335 to $78,660, respectively. The least expensive circulator to operate was the twin, slow-rotating paddlewheel, followed by the paddlewheel aerator, high-speed screw pump, and axial-flow pump. Our results show that four different circulating systems can be effectively installed and used to circulate water in split-ponds. However, water flow rate, rotational speed, required power input, efficiency, initial investment cost, and operational expense varied greatly among the systems tested. Long term studies are underway to better define the relationship between water flow rate and fish production in split-ponds. That information will help identify the water circulating system most appropriate for split-pond aquaculture. |
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| Keywords: | Circulators Pumps Split-ponds Water flow Efficiency |
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