Antifungal activities of extracts produced by liquid fermentations of Chilean Stereum species against Botrytis cinerea (grey mould agent) |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Microbiology and Mycology Applied, Department of Agroindustries, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Concepción, Chillán, Av. Vicente Méndez 595 Chillán, Chile;2. Plant Biochemistry and Phytochemical Ecology Lab., Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bio Bio, Chillán, Chile;3. Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile;4. Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile;5. Division of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden;6. Centro Desarrollo Tecnológico Agroindustrial (CDTA), University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile;7. Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile;1. Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-714, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China;2. Tea Research Institution, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huangshan 245000, China;1. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile;2. Centro de Pomaceas, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Chile;3. Centro de Investigación y Transferencia en Riego y Agroclimatología (CITRA), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Chile;4. Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa;5. Facultad de Agronomia e Ingenieria Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Avda. Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile;6. Department of Horticulture, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, 1100 N Westerm Ave., Wenatchee, WA, 98801, United States;1. Instituto Federal do Ceará, Environmental Engineering and Chemical Department, Parque Central Avenue, Distrito Industrial I, Maracanaú, Ceará, 61939-140, Brazil;2. Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fisheries Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 825, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil;3. Universidade Federal do Ceará, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760 Brazil;1. Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Research Institute of Agricultural Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China;2. School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, 28 Nanli Road, Wuhan 430068, China;3. College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;4. Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China |
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| Abstract: | Extracts obtained from liquid mycelial fermentations of Chilean species of the Stereum genus showed antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea. Thirty-six strains were evaluated in vivo and in vitro assays, 25 belonging to Stereum hirsutum (Sh) and 11 to Stereum rameale (Sr). Two types of extracts were obtained: EtOAc-extract (liquid phase) and MeOH-extract (mycelial phase). Plate diffusion assay showed that EtOAc-extracts were more active than MeOH-extracts. S. hirsutum included 4 strains with the highest antifungal activity (Sh134-11, Sh144-11, Sh152-11, Sh155-11) and S. rameale highlighted with two strains (Sr25-11, Sr27-11). Effects on the mycelial growth of B. cinerea showed that EtOAc-extracts produced by S. hirsutum (Sh134-11, Sh152-11) inhibited from 1000 μg mL?1, reaching 67 and 49%, respectively. At 2000 μg mL?1, these strains inhibited nearly 80% of mycelial growth. EtOAc-extract of Sh134-11 was more effective to control the sporogenesis, inhibiting in 100% the sporulation at 500 μg mL?1. Assays showed that Sh134-11 and Sh152-11 exhibited a minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 50 and 100 μg mL?1 respectively and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 20 μg mL?1. EtOAc-extracts of Sr25-11 and Sr27-11 showed MFC value at 100 μg mL?1 and MIC at 20 and 50 μg mL?1, respectively. Strawberries treated with 1000 μg mL?1of Sh134-11 and Sr25-11 reached 82 and 72% of decay inhibition, respectively. Treatments with 2000 μg mL?1 showed a decay inhibition of 90% approximately. In vivo tests are in accordance with the results obtained in vitro assays, confirming the efficacy of Sh134-11 and Sr25-11 to control B. cinerea. Differences in antifungal activities observed in the different strains suggested that the ability to produce bioactive compounds is not homogenously distributed among S. hirsutum and S. rameale. Our study would suggest that submerged fermentations of Chilean S. hirsutum strain Sh134-11 produce extracts, which could be used as possible biofungicides and an alternative to synthetic fungicides. |
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| Keywords: | Submerged cultures Antifungal Chilean fungi |
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