The critical period for weed control in three corn (Zea mays L.) types |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Faculty, University of Inonu, Malatya, Turkey;2. Agricultural Systems and Engineering, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani, Thailand;3. Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Faculty, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey;4. Agricultural Research Institute, Kahramanmaras, Turkey;5. Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Northeast Research and Extension Center, Concord, NE, USA;6. Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Queensland, Australia;1. Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia;2. Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA;3. Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;1. Agroecosystems Research Group, IRBio, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;2. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, CH-5070 Frick, Switzerland;3. Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant⿿Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy;4. Institut fir biologësch Landwirtschaft an Agrarkultur asbl IBLA Luxembourg, 13, rue Gabriel Lippmann L-5365 Munsbach, Luxembourg;5. ISARA Lyon, 23 rue Jean Baldassini, 69364 Lyon cedex 7, France;6. University of Kassel, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, Department of Organic Farming and Cropping, Nordbahnhofstr. 1a, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany;7. Wageningen University and Research Centre, Applies Plant Research, Edelhertweg 1, 8219 PH Lelystad, The Netherlands;8. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) Austria, Doblhoffgasse 7/10, A-1010 Wien, Austria;9. Estonian University of Life Sciences (EULS), Kreutzwaldi 1, 51 014 Tartu, Estonia;10. The Organic Research Centre, Elm Farm, Hamstead Marshall, Newbury, Berkshire RG20 0HR, United Kingdom;11. Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg;1. Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India;2. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001, India;3. The Centre for Plant Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Gatton, Toowoomba, Queensland 4343/4350, Australia;1. The Centre for Plant Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Gatton, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia;2. Centre for Environmental Management, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Mt Helen, Ballarat, PO Box 663, Vic 3350, Australia;3. The University of Queensland, Gatton/Toowoomba, Queensland 4343/4350, Australia;4. Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO, 64468, USA;5. AgroEfetiva Serviços SS Ltda, Botucatu, São Paulo, SP, 18603-760, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Knowledge of the crop-weed competition period is vital for designing effective weed management strategies in crop production systems. Field studies were conducted at the Agricultural Research Institute, Kahramanmaras, Turkey in 2013 and 2014 to determine the critical period for weed control (CPWC) in three corn (Zea mays L.) types (field corn, popcorn, and sweet corn). A four parameter log-logistic model described the relationship between relative crop yield to both increasing duration of weed interference and length of weed-free periods. The relative yield of corn was influenced by duration of weed-infested or weed-free period, regardless of corn types. Increasing periods of weed interference significantly reduced corn yields in both years. In field corn, the CPWC ranged from 175 to 788 growing degree days (GDD) in 2013 which corresponded to V2–V12 growth stages, and 165–655 GDD (V1–V10 growth stages) in 2014 based on the 5% acceptable yield loss (AYL) level. In popcorn, the CPWC ranged from 92 to 615 GDD (VE–V10 growth stages) in 2013 and 110–678 GDD (V1–V10 growth stages) in 2014. In sweet corn, the CPWC ranged from 203 to 611 GDD in 2013 (V2–V10 growth stages) and 182–632 GDD (V2–V10 growth stages) in 2014. The practical implication of this study is that weed management should be initiated around V1 stage and maintained weed-free up to V12 stage in all corn types to prevent yield losses greater than 5%. These findings could help corn producers improve the cost effectiveness and efficacy of their weed management programs. |
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| Keywords: | Critical duration of weed interference Critical weed-free period Crop competition Corn types Integrated weed management Timing of weed removal |
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