施用不同种类硫肥对豫麦49产量和品质的影响

于2000－2002年在土壤有效硫含量为15.8 mg.kg^-1的大田试验条件下，不同种类硫肥以60 kg.hm^-2纯S施入，研究了施用不同硫肥对冬小麦产量及品质的影响。结果表明，施用硫肥处理使小麦在籽粒灌浆中后期明显保持较高的群体光合速率(CAP)，在灌浆后期，不施硫肥处理的小麦CAP分别低于施硫磺粉、石膏、过磷酸钙、硫铵、硫酸钾各处理9.8%、13.3%、11.9%、40.3%和43.7%。施硫提高了小麦旗叶硝酸还原酶（NR）活性，增大了生育后期的物质积累，实现了生物积累量和收获指数的同步提高，最终显著提高了粒重和籽粒产量；施硫促进籽粒灌浆过程中的麦谷蛋白积累量，且对淀粉糊化参数指标如糊化温度、低谷粘度、高峰粘度和最终粘度影响较大，有利于改善小麦品质。在本试验条件下，增施不同种类硫肥对豫麦49产量和品质均有促进效果，其中以过磷酸钙效果较佳。

Effects of Different Sulphur Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. )Cultivar Yumai 49

Sulphur (S) is an essential nutrient required for all living organisms. The needs of higher plants for S have been recognized for over two centuries. However, interest in this essential element has lagged behind other nutrients because until recently deficiency of S has not been as extensive as that of N, P and K. Over the last two decades, however, many regions in the world have a fundamental shift in the S balance toward deficit in agricultural systems for several reasons. High analysis N and P fertilizers have gradually replaced traditional ones that contain S. In addition, yields of agricultural crops have increased markedly, and in some cases more than doubled, resulting in increased removal of nutrients, including S from soils, and so on. Deficiency of S has been recognized as a limiting factor for crop production in many regions in the world. Wheat is the most widely cultivated crop in the world. Although the crop has a relatively low requirement for S, deficiency of S in wheat has been observed in many countries. Apart from the clear effects on crop growth and grain yield, S nutrition can also exert a large influence on the quality of wheat. Previous studies focused on effects of single S fertilizer on growth and yield of wheat. This paper aims to compare the effects of different S fertilizer treatments on yield and quality of winter wheat cultivar Yumai 49. The experiment was carried out with applying of 5 kinds of sulphur fertilizers, respectively to the fields with available S content of 15.8 mg.kg^-1 at the rate of 60 kg.hm^-2 sulphur. The results indicated that the photosynthesis (CAP) rates in the treatment of sulphur fertilizers were much higher, and exhibited slower declines at the late grain filling stage, for example, CAP of S deficiency treatment（C0） was lowered 9.8%, 13.3%, 11.9%, 40.3% and 43.7% respectively, compared with the treatments of brimstone (C1), plaster (C2), calcium superphospate (C3), sulphate ammonium (C4) and potassium sulphate (C5) at late filling stage (Fig.1). The dry matter accumulation, harvest index, and grain weight were increased and finally grain yield of C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 were 18.8%, 20.3%,25.2%,18.5% and 14.9% higher respectively compared with C0，especially there was a significant difference at 0.01 probability level with C3 (Table 1). Meanwhile, activity of nitrate reductase (NR) in flag leaves and glutenin accumulation in grain at filling stage were enhanced, and starch pasting parameters of flour relating to cooking qualities of Chinese noodle, such as pasting time, through viscosity, peak viscosity and final viscosity were improved by S treatments. Comparing roundly the effects of 5 kinds S fertilizers on physiological traits, yield and quality of Yumai 49, calcium superphospate was the best.